Skip to main content
Special Issue: Enhancing the Student Experience | Acta Pedagogia Asiana | Volume 5 - Issue SI - 2026 | 116−127 | https://doi.org/10.53623/apga.v5iSI.1121
© 2026 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Evaluating the Technology Acceptance of Wikipura: Insights from Balinese Hindus on the Bilingual Encyclopedia for Bali's Hindu Temples

Author(s): I Made Bagus Andi Purnomo 1 , I Ketut Trika Adi Ana 2 , I Putu Mardika 1 , I Komang Agus Darmayoga Kantina 3
Author(s) information:
1 Hindu Communication Science, STAH N Mpu Kuturan Singaraja, Singaraja, Indonesia
2 English Language Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
3 Primary Teacher Education, STAH N Mpu Kuturan Singaraja, Singaraja, Indonesia

Corresponding author

Bali is known as the Island of the Gods because it has thousands of Hindu temples. However, not all Balinese people, especially those in the younger generation, are familiar with the gods and goddesses worshipped in each temple. Therefore, the researchers developed Wikipura, an online bilingual encyclopedia for Hindu temples in Bali. Specifically, this study aimed to examine male and female respondents’ acceptance of Wikipura and to identify the factors influencing their acceptance. This study employed a survey research design. The researchers collected data using a questionnaire developed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research sample consisted of 300 Generation Z Balinese Hindus, including 150 male respondents and 150 female respondents. The participants were selected using quota sampling. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that both male and female respondents showed a high level of acceptance of Wikipura, and there was no significant difference between the acceptance levels of male and female respondents. The high level of acceptance of Wikipura indicates that digital tools can effectively introduce cultural and religious heritage to young people. It also demonstrates that integrating technology into educational frameworks can be a powerful strategy for preserving and disseminating cultural knowledge.

Talapatra, D.; Snider, L.A. (2023). The importance of identity culture: Academic foundations for identity-affirming scholarship and practice with individuals with intellectual disability. International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities, 65, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irrdd.2023.09.001.

Zárate, M.A.; Reyna, C.; Alvarez, M.J. (2019). Chapter Four - Cultural inertia, identity, and intergroup dynamics in a changing context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 59, 175–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.11.001.

Rosalina, P.D.; Dupre, K.; Wang, Y.; Putra, I. N.D.; Jin, X. (2023). Rural tourism resource management strategies: A case study of two tourism villages in Bali. Tourism Management Perspectives, 49, 101194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101194.

Usman, M.B.; Hammoodi, S. (2026). Cultural traditions, student participation, and language revitalization in preserving cultural identity: observations from Aceh, Indonesia. SN Social Science, 6, 95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-026-01379-8.

Pérez-Torres, V. (2024). Social media: a digital social mirror for identity development during adolescence. Current Psychology, 43, 22170–22180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05980-z.

Hiswara, A.; Aziz, A. M.; Pujowati, Y. (2023). Cultural Preservation in a Globalized World: Strategies for Sustaining Heritage. West Science and Social Humanities Studies, 1, 98–106. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsshs.v1i03.250.

Siliutina, I.; Tytar, O.; Barbash, M.; Petrenko, N.; Yepyk, L. (2024). Cultural preservation and digital heritage: challenges and opportunities. Review of Amazonian Investigations, 14, 262–273. https://doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.75.03.22.

Ding, H. (2022). Digital Protection and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage Relying on High-Performance Computing. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, 4955380. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4955380.

Lian, Y.; Xie, J. (2024). The Evolution of Digital Cultural Heritage Research: Identifying Key Trends, Hotspots, and Challenges through Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 16, 7125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167125.

Schawe, H., Beiró, M.G., Alvarez-Hamelin, J.I. et al. (2023). Understanding who talks about what: comparison between the information treatment in traditional media and online discussions. Scientific Report, 13, 3809. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30367-8.

Reshma, M. R.; Kannan, B.; Jagathy Raj, V. P.; Shailesh, S. (2023). Cultural heritage preservation through dance digitization: A review. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 28, e00257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00257.

Jin, P.; Liu, Y. (2022). Fluid space: Digitisation of cultural heritage and its media dissemination. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 8, 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2022.100022.

Xie, I.; Matusiak, K. K. (2016). Chapter 9 - Digital preservation. In Digital Data Lifecycle, Xie, I, Matusiak, K.K., Eds.;, Elsevier: Oxford, UK.

Venkatesh, V.; Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies. Management Science, 21, 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926.

Scherer, R.; Siddiq, F.; Tondeur, J. (2019). The technology acceptance model (TAM): A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach to explaining teachers’ adoption of digital technology in education. Computers & Education, 128, 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.009.

Natasia, S. R.; Wiranti, Y. T.; Parastika, A. (2022). Acceptance analysis of NUADU as e-learning platform using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. Procedia Computer Science, 197, 512–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.168.

Saif, N.; Khan, S. U.; Shaheen, I.; ALotaibi, F. A.; Alnfiai, M. M.; Arif, M. (2024). Chat-GPT: validating Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in education sector via ubiquitous learning mechanism. Computers in Human Behavior, 154, 108097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108097.

Attié, E.; Meyer-Waarden, L. (2022). The acceptance and usage of smart connected objects according to adoption stages: an enhanced technology acceptance model integrating the diffusion of innovation, uses and gratification and privacy calculus theories. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121485.

Nouraldeen, R. M. (2023). The impact of technology readiness and use perceptions on students’ adoption of artificial intelligence: the moderating role of gender. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 37, 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-07-2022-0133.

Sobieraj, S.; Krämer, N. C. (2020). Similarities and differences between genders in the usage of computer with different levels of technological complexity. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.021.

Alassafi, M. O. (2022). E-learning intention material using TAM: A case study. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61, 873–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.457.

Renny, S.; Guritno, S.; Siringoringo, H. (2013). Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Attitude Towards Online Shopping Usefulness Towards Online Airlines Ticket Purchase. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 81, 212–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.415.

Al-Rahmi, W. M.; Alzahrani, A. I.; Yahaya, N.; Alalwan, N.; Bin Kamin, Y. (2020). Digital communication: Information and communication technology (ICT) usage for education sustainability. Sustainability, 12, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125052.

UNESCO. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Available online: https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention. (accessed on 13 March 2026).

Hemsley, J.; Cappellini, V.; Stanke, G. (2015). Digital Heritage: Progress in Cultural Heritage. Documentation, Preservation, and Protection; Springer: Cham, Switzerland.

Selwyn, N. (2011). Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates; Continuum: London, UK.

Laurillard, D. (2012). Teaching as a Design Science: Building Pedagogical Patterns for Learning and Technology; Routledge: London, UK.

Clark, R. C.; Mayer, R. E. (2016). E-learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA.

Kalay, Y. E.; Kvan, T.; Affleck, J. (2008). New Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage; Routledge: London, UK.

Williams, K. (2020). Digital Natives: How Gen Z is Shaping the Future; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA.

Online Dating & Relationships. (accessed on 13 March 2026) Available online: https://www.pewresearch.org/.

Understanding the Millennial Generation. accessed on 13 March 2026) Available online: https://hbr.org/.

Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy—And Completely Unprepared for Adulthood; Atria Books: New York, NY, USA.

Straub, D.; Boudreau, M. C.; Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for IS positivist research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13, 380–427. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.01324.

Ong, C. S.; Lai, J. Y. (2006). Gender differences in perceptions and relationships among dominants of e-learning acceptance. Computers in Human Behavior, 22, 816–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2005.07.001.

Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2021). Thinking in the digital era: A revised model for digital literacy. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44, 39–56. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.44.1.c.

Aker, J. C.; Boumnijel, R.; McClelland, A.; Tierney, N. (2023). Cell phones and access to technology in education: The role of digital infrastructure. Journal of Development Economics, 148, 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.104667.

Chnani, S. J. H.; Alahmed, S. (2022). The role of teacher education in developing effective technology integration: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 172, 104–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104191.

Friedman, D.; Hershkovitz, A. (2021). Professional development in technology-enhanced environments: Teachers’ learning and implementation of new technologies. Journal of Educational Technology Research and Development, 69, 345–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09987-6.

Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan R&D; Alfabet: Bandung, Indonesia.

Nunnally, J. C.; Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA.

Hargittai, E.; Shafer, S. (2006). Differences in actual and perceived online skills: The role of gender. Social Science Quarterly, 87, 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00389.x.

Cooper, J. (2006). The digital divide: The special case of gender. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22, 320–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00185.x.

Idris, M. Z.; Mustaffa, N. B.; Yusoff, S. O. S. (2016). Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Using Advance Digital Technology: Issues and Challenges. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 16, 1. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v16i1.6353.

Liu, Y. (2022). Application of Digital Technology in Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 7471121. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7471121.

Mendoza, M. A.; De La Hoz Franco, E.; Gómez, J. E. (2023). Technologies for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage—A Systematic Review of the Literature. Sustainability, 15, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021059.

About this article

SUBMITTED: 13 March 2026
ACCEPTED: 08 April 2026
PUBLISHED: 15 April 2026
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 27 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/apga.v5iSI.1121

Cite this article
Purnomo, I. M. B. A. ., Ana, I. K. T. A. ., Mardika, I. P. ., & Kantina, I. K. A. D. . (2026). Evaluating the Technology Acceptance of Wikipura: Insights from Balinese Hindus on the Bilingual Encyclopedia for Bali's Hindu Temples. Acta Pedagogia Asiana, 5(SI), 116−127. https://doi.org/10.53623/apga.v5iSI.1121
Keywords
Citations
0
Share this article