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Articles | Sustainable Environmental Insight | Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2026 | 187−196 | https://doi.org/10.53623/sein.v3i2.1160
© 2026 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Characterization of Household-Scale Pig Farming Wastewater and Evaluation of Treatment Efficiency Using Constructed Wetlands in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

Author(s): Bui Thi Van Nga 1 , Hoang Quoc Anh 1 , Le Duc Anh Tuan 2 , Chao Rong 2 ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9813-6693
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1 East Asia University of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
2 Southern Bus Station Service and Management Center, Department of Construction of Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

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Sustainable Environmental Insight

Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2026

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Pig farming wastewater from small-scale household systems in Vietnam presents significant environmental challenges due to its high concentrations of organic matter, suspended solids, and nutrients. This study aimed to (i) characterize wastewater generated from household pig farms in Thanh Hoa Province and (ii) evaluate the treatment performance of a hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) system as a post-treatment stage following biogas digestion. A survey was conducted at 20 representative households, each raising 10–50 pigs. A pilot-scale HCW system, consisting of a subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSF CW) followed by a free-floating plants constructed wetland (FFP CW), was operated continuously for 100 days at a flow rate of 150 l/day. Results indicated that the influent wastewater remained highly polluted after biogas treatment, with COD, TSS, TN, and TP concentrations exceeding regulatory limits. The HCW system achieved average removal efficiencies of 80.8% for COD, 84.0% for TSS, 79.6% for TN, and 75.4% for TP. The final effluent quality consistently met QCVN 62-MT:2025/BTNMT (Column B). These findings demonstrate that the HCW system is an effective, low-cost, and sustainable solution for improving wastewater treatment efficiency in small-scale pig farming systems, thereby contributing to environmental protection and sustainable rural development.

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SUBMITTED: 17 April 2026
ACCEPTED: 20 May 2026
PUBLISHED: 22 May 2026
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 34 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/sein.v3i2.1160

Cite this article
Nga, B. T. V. ., Anh, H. Q. ., Tuan, L. D. A. ., & Rong, C. . (2026). Characterization of Household-Scale Pig Farming Wastewater and Evaluation of Treatment Efficiency Using Constructed Wetlands in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Sustainable Environmental Insight, 3(2), 187−196. https://doi.org/10.53623/sein.v3i2.1160
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