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Articles | Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology | Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024 | 57-71 | https://doi.org/10.53623/tebt.v2i2.451
© 2024 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Utilization of Aquatic Plants and Microalgae for Sustainable Aquaculture Production and Potential Biotechnological Applications

Author(s): Job Ombiro Omweno 1 , 2 , , Omondi Argwings 2 , 3 , , Berrick Moturi Sieberi 1 , Merceline Angima 2 , Peter Maangi Ondieki 4
Author(s) information:
1 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock Development, Cooperative Development and Irrigation, County Government of Kisii, Kisii, Kenya. PO Box 700 - 40200, Kisii Kenya
2 Department of Environment, Natural Resources and Aquatic Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya. PO Box 408 - 40200, Kisii, Kenya
3 Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Sigalagala National Polytechnic, Kakamega, Kenya
4 Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kegati Aquaculture Centre. PO Box 3259 - 40200, Kisii, Kenya.

Corresponding author

Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology

Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024

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Locally available feedstuffs, such as grain seed cakes, oilseeds, and vegetable waste, hold immense potential as alternative feed sources in fish farming. However, these plant-based ingredients have low crude protein content and lack essential fatty acids, which lowers palatability and feed conversion efficiencies, leading to suboptimal fish growth. Traditional feedstuffs like fishmeal and soybean meal face sustainability challenges such as local unavailability, the presence of anti-nutritional factors, and energy-intensive processing. The rising costs of commercial aqua-feeds and feed scarcity necessitate exploring alternative fish feed options. Aquatic plants like Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor,  and Azolla pinnata,  along with green and blue-green microalgae such as Chlorella spp. and Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina), are promising alternatives due to their high protein content, availability of essential omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), and beneficial bioactive compounds. These plants and microalgae, with crude protein content ranging from 25% to 65%, can significantly enhance fish growth, health, and product quality by partially or entirely replacing fishmeal. Their nitrogen-fixing abilities contribute to their high protein levels. Additionally, these organisms have various biotechnological applications, including phytoremediation, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), aquaponics, biofloc technology, and constructed wetlands. Despite their potential, challenges in scaling up and integrating these alternatives into existing systems remain. Collaborative efforts and advocacy among farmer groups are crucial for knowledge sharing and fostering sustainable biotechnological solutions. Long-term strategies should focus on upscaling local feed production and research and development to achieve self-sufficiency and cost-effective natural feed production systems in fish farming.

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SUBMITTED: 23 May 2024
ACCEPTED: 05 August 2024
PUBLISHED: 30 August 2024
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 75 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/tebt.v2i2.451

Cite this article
Omweno, J. O., Argwings, O. ., Sieberi, B. M. ., Angima, M. ., & Ondieki, P. M. . (2024). Utilization of Aquatic Plants and Microalgae for Sustainable Aquaculture Production and Potential Biotechnological Applications. Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology, 2(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.53623/tebt.v2i2.451
Keywords
Sustainable Feeding Solutions Spirulina Azolla Fish Farming Nutritional Value
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