Skip to main content
Article | Industrial and Domestic Waste Management | Volume 5 - Issue 2 - 2025 | 68-83 | https://doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v5i2.757
© 2025 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Analysis of the Impact of Skywalker Drone Battery Waste Management on the Environment Using Linear Programming Method

Author(s): Cynthia Rahmawati 1 , Endah Yuniarti 1 , Munnik Haryanti 2 , Bekti Yulianti 2 , Syarifah Fairuza 1 , Muhammad Yazid Ashari 1
Author(s) information:
1 Faculty of Aerospace and Industrial Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering Study Program, Marsekal Suryadarma Aerospace University, Indonesia.
2 Faculty of Aerospace and Industrial Engineering, Electrical Engineering Study Program, Marsekal Suryadarma Aerospace University, Indonesia.

Corresponding author

Industrial and Domestic Waste Management

Volume 5 - Issue 2 - 2025

 About the journal
Submit your article

The disposal of lithium-based drone batteries presents a significant environmental challenge due to the presence of heavy metals and hazardous substances. Effective management strategies are essential to reduce pollution and mitigate operational risks associated with improper handling. This study proposes an optimal waste management strategy for Skywalker drone batteries using a Linear Programming (LP) approach. The model incorporates three waste management options: recycling, temporary storage, and final disposal. It also accounts for facility capacity limitations, environmental regulations, and cost constraints. The simulation results demonstrate that the LP model provides an optimal waste allocation scheme. Compared to conventional waste management methods, the LP-based strategy reduces environmental impact and achieves higher cost efficiency. The findings highlight the effectiveness of LP modeling as a decision-support tool for waste management planning. The study recommends the adoption of an LP-based integrated management framework to support future environmental and operational decisions in drone technology.

Read Full-Text
Previous article
Next article

Szpilko, D.; de la Torre Gallegos, A.; Jimenez Naharro, F.; Rzepka, A.; Remiszewska, A. (2023). Waste Management in the Smart City: Current Practices and Future Directions. Resources, 12, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12100115.

Latanna, M.D.; Gunawan, B.; Franco-García, M.L.; Bressers, H. (2023). Governance Assessment of Community-Based Waste Reduction Program in Makassar. Sustainability, 15, 14371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914371.

Kafle, S.; Karki, B.K.; Sakhakarmy, M.; Adhikari, S. (2025). A Review of Global Municipal Solid Waste Management and Valorization Pathways. Recycling, 10, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10030113.

Zanoletti, A.; Carena, E.; Ferrara, C.; Bontempi, E. (2024). A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Technologies, Sustainability, and Open Issues. Batteries, 10, 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010038.

Widhalm, P.; Ritzinger, U.; Prüggler, N.; Prüggler, W.; Strelnikova, D.; Paulus, G.; d’Apolito, F.; Eicken, F. (2025). Community Drones: A Concept Study on Shared Drone Services. Drones, 9, 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9020107.

Safarzadeh, H.; Di Maria, F. (2025). Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in Recycling Electric Vehicle Batteries: A Systematic Review Article. Batteries, 11, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11060230.

Putera, D.A.; Fajri, N.; Alda, T. (2025). Advancing Electric Vehicle Safety and Adoption in Indonesia: Insights from Global and Local Perspectives. Engineering Proceedings, 84, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084052.

Tirkolaee, E.B. (2024). Circular–Sustainable–Reliable Waste Management System Design: A Possibilistic Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model. Systems, 12, 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12100435.

AILIMA. Internal Rate of Return (IRR). (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://ailima.co.id/internal-rate-of-return-irr/.

Definition of CAPEX and OPEX and Examples – Lamnesia Media. (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://lamnesia.com/capex-opex.

Electric Car Battery Factory to Recycling Starts Active in 2023. (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2021/06/25/072200415/pabrik-baterai-mobil-electricity-to-recycle-start-on-2023.

Regulation Number 6 of 2021 Concerning Procedures and Requirements for the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes, Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (accessed on 18 July 2025) https://legalcentric.com/content/view/165445.

EV Battery Waste Management Must Be Handled Properly. (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://en.antaranews.com/news/xyz.

Santos, A.L.; Alves, W.; Ferreira, P. (2025). Challenges Faced by Lithium-Ion Batteries in Effective Waste Management. Sustainability, 17, 2893. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072893.

Sihombing, A.; Siregar, D.A. (2023). Literature Review: Performance of Lithium-Ion, Lithium-Sulfur, and Lithium-Air Batteries as Defense and Security Espionage UAV Drivers. Journal of Engineering Management and Manufacturing Research, 9(1), 201–208.

Desticioglu, B.; Calipinar, H.; Ozyoruk, B.; Koc, E. (2022). Model for Reverse Logistic Problem of Recycling under Stochastic Demand. Sustainability, 14, 4640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084640.

Waste Treatment of Electric Vehicle Batteries, Efforts to Support Energy Transmission Policy. (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://birokratmenulis.org/xyz.

Dobrowolski, Z.; Sułkowski, Ł.; Danielak, W. (2021). Management of Waste Batteries and Accumulators: Quest of European Union Goals. Energies, 14, 6273. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196273.

Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 Concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management, Government of the Republic of Indonesia. (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/government-regulation-no-22-of-2021-on-environmental-protection-organisation-and-management-lex-faoc209753/?.

Khatoon, N.; Ali, S.; Hussain, A.; Huang, J.; Yu, Z.; Liu, H. (2025). Evaluating the Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Heavy Metals Contamination in Drinking Water, Vegetables, and Soil from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Toxics, 13, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010005.

Alshaikh, R.; Abdelfatah, A. (2024). Optimization Techniques in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 16, 6585. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156585.

ASEF. Waste Management in Indonesia and Jakarta: Challenges and Way Forward. (accessed on 18 July 2025) Available online: https://asef.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ASEFSU23_Background-Paper_Waste-Management-in-Indonesia-and-Jakarta.pdf.

Su, D.; Mei, Y.; Liu, T.; Amine, K. (2025). Global Regulations for Sustainable Battery Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability, 17, 3045. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073045.

Ferdinan; Utomo, S.W.; Soesilo, T.E.B.; Herdiansyah, H. (2022). Household Waste Control Index towards Sustainable Waste Management: A Study in Bekasi City, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14, 14403. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114403.

Luo, Y.; Ye, M.; Zhou, Y.; Su, R.; Huang, S.; Wang, H.; Dai, X. (2024). Assessing the Environmental Impact of Municipal Waste on Energy Incineration Technology for Power Generation Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology. Toxics, 12, 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12110786.

Lisboa, H.M.; Pasquali, M.B.; dos Anjos, A.I.; Sarinho, A.M.; de Melo, E.D.; Andrade, R.; Batista, L.; Lima, J.; Diniz, Y.; Barros, A. (2024). Innovative and Sustainable Food Preservation Techniques: Enhancing Food Quality, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability. Sustainability, 16, 8223. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188223.

AlMokmesh, S.F.; AlKhulaifi, K.A.; AlMutairi, A.S.; Al-Ajmi, A.S. (2024). Incineration Innovation: A Path to Efficient and Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kuwait. Processes, 12, 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091873.

Yu, V.F.; Kao, H.-C.; Chiang, F.-Y.; Lin, S.-W. (2022). Solving Aggregate Production Planning Problems: An Extended TOPSIS Approach. Applied Sciences, 12, 6945. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146945.

Hu, C.; Bian, J.; Zhao, D.; He, L.; Dong, F. (2024). Optimal Dynamic Production Planning for Supply Network with Random External and Internal Demands. Mathematics, 12, 2669. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172669.

Cavus, M.; Dissanayake, D.; Bell, M. (2025). Deep-Fuzzy Logic Control for Optimal Energy Management: A Predictive and Adaptive Framework for Grid-Connected Microgrids. Energies, 18, 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040995.

Maierhofer, A.; Trojahn, S.; Ryll, F. (2025). Dynamic Scheduling and Preventive Maintenance in Small-Batch Production: A Flexible Control Approach for Maximising Machine Reliability and Minimising Delays. Applied Sciences, 15, 4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084287.

Read Full-Text
About this article

SUBMITTED: 04 July 2025
ACCEPTED: 21 July 2025
PUBLISHED: 24 July 2025
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 17 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v5i2.757

Cite this article
Rahmawati, C. ., Yuniarti, E. ., Haryanti, M. ., Yulianti, B. ., Fairuza, S. ., & Ashari, M. Y. . (2025). Analysis of the Impact of Skywalker Drone Battery Waste Management on the Environment Using Linear Programming Method. Industrial and Domestic Waste Management, 5(2), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v5i2.757
Keywords
Lithium battery waste Skywalker drone waste management linear programming cost optimization
Accessed
15
Citations
0
Share this article