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Review | Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering | Volume 5 - Issue 1 - 2025 | 30-52 | https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v5i1.629
© 2025 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Sustainable Water Management Strategies for Mitigating Pesticide Pollution in Urban and Agricultural Areas

Author(s): Audrey Primus 1 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5314-5674 , Aimie Peace Siganul 1 , Nikita Emalya 2 , Cut Yusnar 3 ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3575-9074 , Yureana Wijayanti 4 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-9681 , Rubiyatno 5 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-5150 , Rega Permana 6 , 7 , ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9044-6721 , Sang Hyeok Park 8 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-2639 , Ocean Thakali 9 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-2322 , Corry Aina 10 , 11 , ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9438-5406 , Ni Putu Sri Wahyuningsih 10 , 11 , ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0159-2509 , Nii Amarquaye Commey 5 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-0379
Author(s) information:
1 Facuty of Civil and Construction Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Malaysia
2 School of Engineering and Digital Science, Qabanbay Batyr Ave 53, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic, Lhokseumawe 24301, Indonesia
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
5 Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
6 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
7 Universitas Padjadjaran, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Raya Bandung Sumedang Street KM. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
8 Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
9 Center for research excellence in wastewater-based epidemiology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
10 Interdisciplinary Centre for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, Japan
11 Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, Japan

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Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering

Volume 5 - Issue 1 - 2025

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The indiscriminate use of pesticides in Malaysian agriculture poses serious risks to both human health and groundwater quality.This study aims to evaluate the extent of pesticide contamination in Malaysian groundwater, identify its major sources, and examine current mitigation efforts. The primary routes of contamination include direct application, soil leaching, and surface runoff, with over twenty pesticide compounds listed as priority hazardous substances, commonly linked to oil palm, rice, and vegetable farming. Residential and industrial activities also contribute to the pollutant load. Due to their long environmental persistence, pesticides threaten aquatic ecosystems through bioaccumulation and biomagnification and increase the risk of severe health issues, including neurological disorders, reproductive problems, and cancer. Regulatory controls such as exposure limits and monitoring programs have been implemented to manage these risks. This review concludes that while regulatory mechanisms exist, more robust and proactive approaches are needed to mitigate groundwater contamination. Future efforts should focus on expanding the adoption of sustainable farming practices, strengthening groundwater monitoring, and enhancing regulatory enforcement to ensure long-term environmental and public health protection.

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SUBMITTED: 08 March 2025
ACCEPTED: 09 May 2025
PUBLISHED: 11 May 2025
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 62 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v5i1.629

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Primus, A. ., Siganul, A. P. ., Emalya, N., Yusnar, C. ., Wijayanti, Y. ., Rubiyatno, Permana, R. ., Park, S. H. ., Thakali, O. ., Aina, C., Wahyuningsih, N. P. S. ., & Commey, N. A. . (2025). Sustainable Water Management Strategies for Mitigating Pesticide Pollution in Urban and Agricultural Areas. Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering, 5(1), 30–52. https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v5i1.629
Keywords
pesticides groundwater Malaysia contamination agriculture environmental health public health regulation sustainable practices bioaccumulation
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