Skip to main content
Article | Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering | Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2026 | 394–409 | https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1435
© 2026 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Stability Analysis and Structural Evaluation of a 120 m Rigid Symmetrical Suspension Footbridge: A Case Study of the Way Sekampung Bridge, South Lampung, Indonesia

Author(s): B. Eko Septiyanto , Yoga Marta Agustiawan , Sari Utama Dewi
Author(s) information:
Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai, Jalan Imam Bonjol No. 468, Langkapura, Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35118, Indonesia

Corresponding author

Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering

Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2026

 About the journal
Submit your article

Suspension footbridges provide an efficient solution for communities separated by rivers and other natural obstacles, but long-span systems require integrated structural and geotechnical assessment. This study evaluates the structural and geotechnical performance of a proposed 120 m rigid symmetrical suspension footbridge crossing the Way Sekampung River, South Lampung, Indonesia. The assessment included site surveys, geotechnical investigations, structural loading and reaction analysis, foundation capacity and stability checks, seismic site classification, and approach-road evaluation. The proposed bridge has a 120 m main span, 23.05 m backstay, 35° cable inclination, and 15.75 m pylons. The site was classified as Site Class SC, with a corrected average N-SPT value of 60.2. The adopted seismic parameters were a peak ground acceleration of 0.252 g, SS of 0.509 g, S1 of 0.230 g, and SD1 of 0.362 g. Overturning safety factors ranged from 1.63 to 1.73 for the anchor blocks and from 5.62 to 5.86 for the pylons, exceeding the minimum requirement of 1.5. Vertical and horizontal stability requirements were also satisfied. Foundation settlements remained below 1 cm, while lateral deformations were substantially below the 2.54 cm limit. The maximum approach-road fill height was 2.29 m, below the critical height of 5.74 m. The results indicate that the proposed bridge configuration satisfies the investigated structural and geotechnical stability requirements. The findings also demonstrate the importance of integrating foundation, seismic, and approach-road assessments into the evaluation of long-span pedestrian suspension bridges.

Read Full-Text
Previous article
Next article

Wang, Y.; et al. (2025). Aerodynamic and structural stability analysis of long-span rigid suspension bridges under multi-hazard loads. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 256, 105921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2025.105921.

Zhang, H.; Li, J.; Chen, Z. (2025). Nonlinear dynamic behavior and flutter stability of stiffened suspension bridges with central stabilising slots. Engineering Structures, 324, 119234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.119234.

Liu, X.; Zhao, L.; Ge, Y. (2024). Evolution of aerodynamic instability mechanisms in super long-span suspension bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 29, 04024012. https://doi.org/10.1061/JBENF2.BEENG-6321.

Zhao, B.; Sun, T. (2025). Parametric study on the torsional stiffness and flutter performance of twin-box girder suspension bridges. Structures, 71, 107854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.107854.

Fernandez, R.; Garcia, J. (2024). Aerodynamic damping and flutter derivative identification for rigid deck suspension bridges using wind tunnel testing. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 248, 105710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105710.

Tanaka, K.; Nakamura, S. (2025). Geometrically nonlinear analysis of symmetrical suspension bridges considering tower-girder interaction. Journal of Structural Engineering, 151, 04024210. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-12890.

Ahmed, M.; El-Damatty, A.A. (2024). Behavior and stability of suspension bridges with stiffened steel box girders under eccentric loading. Thin-Walled Structures, 195, 111420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2024.111420.

Wang, L.; Huang, D. (2025). Ultimate bearing capacity and instability modes of symmetrical suspension bridges under asymmetrical live loads. Engineering Structures, 328, 119560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.119560.

Chen, W.; Zhou, Y. (2025). Effect of main cable slip and tower flexibility on the static stability of symmetrical suspension bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 30, 04024125. https://doi.org/10.1061/JBENF2.BEENG-6650.

Martins, P.; Silva, M. (2024). Numerical modelling of geometric nonlinearity in long-span suspension bridges with rigid deck systems. Computers & Structures, 295, 107310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107310.

He, X.; Ma, Q.; Gao, S. (2025). Dynamic response and coupling stability of train-bridge systems on rigid suspension bridges under crosswinds. Journal of Central South University, 32, 4120‒4138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-025-5621-8.

Wu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Y. (2024). Mechanical performance and stability of tunnel-type anchorages in rock mass for suspension bridges. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 57, 1845‒1862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03700-y.

Ai, Z.; Liu, H.; Xiao, R. (2024). Mechanical and economic performance of super long-span suspension bridges with ultra-high-performance concrete stiffening girders. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 28, 3620‒3635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-2100-x.

Kim, D.; Park, S. (2024). Evaluation of fatigue and structural stability in stiffened girder suspension bridges under traffic-induced vibrations. International Journal of Steel Structures, 24, 540‒555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-024-00812-x.

Zhang, Y.; Liu, T. (2025). Seismic fragility and stability analysis of symmetrical suspension bridges under multi-support excitation. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 54, 1420‒1440. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqs.4150.

Golecki, T.; Gomez, F.; Spencer, B.F., Jr. (2024). Topology optimization of high-speed rail suspension and cable-supported bridges considering passenger comfort and dynamic stability. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 67, 145‒160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-024-03750-y.

Kadam, S.; Patil, D.; Kamble, S. (2025). Seismic performance and stability evaluation of cable-supported systems in bridge engineering. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 10, 88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-025-01822-4.

Samadian, D.; Muhit, I.B.; Dawood, N. (2024). Application of data-driven surrogate models in structural stability analysis of long-span bridges: A review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 31, 2811‒2845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-024-10112-9.

Gyawali, S.S.; Bhardwaj, S.R.; Aaleti, S. (2025). Bridge fire incidents and structural stability: A state-of-the-art review on cable-supported systems. Fire Technology, 61, 1105‒1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-025-01630-y.

Li, X.; Wang, Q. (2025). Reliability-based design optimization of suspension bridge stiffening systems for enhanced global stability. Structural Safety, 112, 102512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102512.

Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia. (2010). Circular Letter No. 02/SE/M/2010 concerning the Enactment of Guidelines for the Planning and Construction of Suspension Footbridges. Ministry of Public Works: Jakarta, Indonesia.

PT Plato Isoiki Engineering Consultant. (2022). Detailed Engineering Design of the Way Sekampung (Jelujur) Suspension Bridge, Relung Mulya–Batanghari Ogan Villages, Natar Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency. PT Plato Isoiki Engineering Consultant: Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (2016). SNI 1725:2016: Pembebanan untuk Jembatan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (2004). RSNI T-12-2004: Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (2016). SNI 2833:2016: Perancangan Jembatan terhadap Beban Gempa. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (2017). SNI 8460:2017: Persyaratan Perancangan Geoteknik. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (1994). SNI 03-3446-1994: Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis Pondasi Langsung untuk Jembatan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (1994). SNI 03-3447-1994: Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis Pondasi Kaison untuk Jembatan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. (2002). SNI 03-6747-2002: Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis Pondasi Tiang untuk Jembatan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional: Jakarta, Indonesia.

Directorate General of Highways. (2003). Pd T-11-2003: Pedoman Perencanaan Timbunan Jalan Pendekat Jembatan. Ministry of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure: Jakarta, Indonesia.

Ministry of Public Works and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Ministerial Regulation No. 1 of 2022 on Guidelines for the Preparation of Construction Cost Estimates for Public Works and Housing. Ministry of Public Works and Housing: Jakarta, Indonesia.

Directorate of Bridge Construction. (2022). Letter No. BM.0502-Bt/67 concerning the Design and Construction of the 2022 Rigid-Symmetrical Suspension Footbridge. Directorate General of Highways: Jakarta, Indonesia.

Meyerhof, G. G. (1956). Penetration tests and bearing capacity of cohesionless soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 82, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000001.

Terzaghi, K., & Peck, R. B. (1967). Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA.

Soil Mechanics Laboratory, Universitas Lampung. (2022). Report of Soil Investigation: Construction of the Way Jelujur Suspension Bridge, Rulung Mulya Village, Natar Subdistrict, South Lampung. Universitas Lampung: Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.

Read Full-Text
About this article

SUBMITTED: 22 September 2026
ACCEPTED: 19 October 2026
PUBLISHED: 25 October 2026
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 27 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1435

Cite this article
Septiyanto, B. E. ., Agustiawan, Y. M. ., & Dewi, S. U. . (2026). Stability Analysis and Structural Evaluation of a 120 m Rigid Symmetrical Suspension Footbridge: A Case Study of the Way Sekampung Bridge, South Lampung, Indonesia. Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering, 6(2), 394–409. https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1435
Citations
0
Share this article