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Article | Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering | Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2026 | 309−322 | https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1395
© 2026 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

A BIM-Informed Multi-Objective Work-Zone Scheduling Model for Improving Crew Continuity and Resource Stability in Multi-Story Building Projects

Author(s): Sultan Alkarawi 1 , Firas Kh. Jaber 2 , Aws S. Noaman 3
Author(s) information:
1 Civil Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
2 Engineering Technical Collage Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
3 Environmental Engineering Department, College of engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

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Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering

Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2026

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Construction scheduling methods often lack effective integration of daily resource stability, work-zone sequencing, and specialist crew continuity, particularly in multi-story projects employing bottom-up floor sequencing. This study developed a BIM-informed multi-objective work-zone scheduling model to address these challenges. The model was applied to a five-story office building comprising 15 work zones and six repetitive activities, represented by 90 activity-zone records. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed to minimize work-package duration, cumulative crew idle time, and daily resource variation while satisfying precedence, crew exclusivity, non-preemption, workforce, workspace, concurrency, and bottom-up progression constraints. Ten independent runs were performed with a population size of 100 over 200 generations. The selected solution (168, 380, 219) achieved a work-package duration of 168 working days, cumulative crew idle time of 380 days, and a resource variation value of 219, representing reductions of 58.4%, 78.9%, and 18.6%, respectively, compared with sequential execution. An exhaustive evaluation of all 7,776 feasible sequences reproduced the same two-vector Pareto front, confirming the complete set of non-dominated solutions within the modeled search space. Sensitivity analysis identified crew efficiency and allowable zone concurrency as the primary factors influencing scheduling performance. The proposed model offers a practical decision-support tool for construction planners to balance project duration, crew continuity, and resource stability while maintaining a feasible and operationally interpretable bottom-up construction sequence.

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SUBMITTED: 04 September 2026
ACCEPTED: 06 October 2026
PUBLISHED: 10 October 2026
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 33 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1395

Cite this article
Alkarawi, S., Kh. Jaber, F. ., & S. Noaman, A. . (2026). A BIM-Informed Multi-Objective Work-Zone Scheduling Model for Improving Crew Continuity and Resource Stability in Multi-Story Building Projects. Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering, 6(2), 309−322. https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1395
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