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Article | Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering | Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2026 | 233−244 | https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1304
© 2026 by the author(s), and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

Evaluating the Outputs of the Tourism Village Program Through the 4A Tourism Development Components: Evidence from East Manggarai Regency, Indonesia

Author(s): Waldenses Rojeri Babut ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4193-7238 , Agam Marsoyo
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Master Program of Urban and Regional Planning, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No.2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

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Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering

Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2026

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The tourism village program became a key strategy of the Indonesian government to stimulate local economic growth through community-based tourism; however, its implementation in lagging regions was rarely evaluated systematically. This study aimed to evaluate the outputs of the tourism village program in three villages of East Manggarai Regency—Colol, Golo Loni, and Compang Ndejing—based on the four components of tourism destination development (4A): attraction, accessibility, amenity, and ancillary. A mixed-methods approach within a formative evaluation framework was applied. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, and questionnaires involving 45 purposively selected informants. Twenty-three sub-variables were assessed against predetermined ordinal indicators (Good, Fair, and Poor) and summarized using percentage-distribution descriptive analysis. The findings showed that the overall program outputs remained suboptimal: only 15.9% of the assessments were categorized as Good, 39.1% as Fair, and 44.9% as Poor. The attraction component performed relatively well (66.7% Fair), whereas accessibility was the weakest (66.7% Poor; 0% Good), with the availability of public transportation and parking areas rated as Poor in all villages. The ancillary component revealed a marked institutional gap between villages, recording the highest proportion of Good ratings (33.3%) alongside a high proportion of Poor ratings (44.4%). These results highlighted that infrastructure improvement and institutional strengthening should be prioritized so that the existing attraction and accommodation potentials could function as operational tourism products in moderately developed rural destinations.

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SUBMITTED: 15 July 2026
ACCEPTED: 06 August 2026
PUBLISHED: 10 August 2026
SUBMITTED to ACCEPTED: 22 days
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1304

Cite this article
Babut, W. R., & Marsoyo, A. . (2026). Evaluating the Outputs of the Tourism Village Program Through the 4A Tourism Development Components: Evidence from East Manggarai Regency, Indonesia. Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering, 6(2), 233−244. https://doi.org/10.53623/csue.v6i2.1304
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