Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was transformed into a standardised medical system facilitated by continuous development across global healthcare practices as well as ongoing advancements in modern biotechnology. Modern biotechnological methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics, afforded significant possibilities for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of TCM. This research accordingly explored the interplay between modern biotechnology and the advancement of TCM across global markets. The integration of the resource-based view (RBV) framework together with TCM theory provided a strong foundation for this study. The qualitative case illustrations encompassed Tasly Pharmaceutical Group, Yiling Pharmaceutical, Hutchmed, and Shanghai Pharmaceuticals, which facilitated an understanding of how the benefits of TCM were magnified through biotechnological innovation. The findings underscored that a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese medicinal elements, alongside specialised knowledge, consistent research, and developmental initiatives, collectively manifested strategic resources that enhanced the potential for integrating TCM in a global context. To leverage the benefits of TCM through modern technologies, several recommendations were provided, such as collaborative leadership between global biotechnology and TCM institutions, as well as quality control and standardisation of evidence-based formulations that complied with modern medical standards. The outcomes supported the conclusion that the global market expansion of TCM required a synergistic approach involving robust regulatory frameworks, standardisation, scientific validation through modern technology, and the effective translation of cultural elements.