2026-04-11T14:43:51Z https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/oai

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/220 2025-12-28T02:35:00Z tebt:ART

Occurrence of Microplastics in Kemena River and Niah River of Sarawak, Malaysia Karing, Danny Jau Anggiani, Milani Cao, Linh Thi Thuy El-shaammari, Mohamed Microplactics; Kemena River; Niah River; polyethylene; polystyrene Microplastics in freshwater have been identified as a significant contributor to plastic pollution in marine environments. However, the effect of urbanization on the quantity and spatial dispersion of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems of Sarawak and Malaysia remains unclear. The primary objectives of this study are to investigate the quantity and distribution of microplastics in water and riverbank sediments, as well as to analyze the properties of microplastic particles in the Kemena and Niah rivers. The selection of these rivers was based on the presence of commercial, residential, and industrial areas along their lengths. A total of 24 water and soil sediment samples were collected from three different sites along the Kemena and Niah rivers. The concentration of microplastics in water samples ranged from 60 to 128 items per liter, while sediment samples ranged from 46 to 76 items per liter. The sediment samples also contained microplastics ranging from 21 to 40 and 45 to 125 items per kilogram. Microplastics were observed in various forms, including fibers, films, foam, and fragments, in both water and soil sediment samples. The majority of microplastics were between 0.1 and 1 mm in size, with blue being the most common color observed in river water and transparent in sediment samples. The ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis indicated the presence of four distinct polymers: polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This study provides valuable information on the abundance, distribution, chemical composition, and physical properties of microplastics in the Kemena and Niah rivers. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-06-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/220 10.53623/tebt.v1i1.220 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2023; 1-13 3009-0806 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/220/131 Copyright (c) 2023 Danny Jau Karing, Milani Anggiani, Linh Thi Thuy Cao, Mohamed El-shaammari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/221 2025-12-28T02:35:00Z tebt:REV

Occurrence of Microplastics in Drinking Water in South East Asia: A Short Review New, Wei Xuen Kristanti, Risky Ayu Manik, Helena Wijayanti, Yureana Adeyemi, Daniel A. Microplastics; drinking water; abundance; health; remediation method This study reviews the levels and sources of microplastics in drinking water in Southeast Asia, assessing potential risks to human health and the environment, evaluating water treatment processes, and identifying remediation strategies to reduce microplastic pollution. Southeast Asia is home to nine of the ten most plastic-polluted rivers in the world, discharging vast amounts of plastic waste into the sea, causing adverse effects on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Microplastics have become a global environmental issue and are found in various sources of drinking water, including tap water, plastic and glass bottled drinking water, treated water, and both single-use and returnable plastic bottled drinking water. Ingesting microplastics can cause physical damage and chemical toxicity, leading to health problems such as inflammation, DNA damage, and cancer. The study discusses physical, chemical, and biological methods for remediation, which have benefits and drawbacks and may not be effective in all situations. More research is needed to understand the extent of microplastic pollution in Southeast Asia and develop effective remediation strategies. Eliminating microplastics from the environment is necessary to protect ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-06-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/221 10.53623/tebt.v1i1.221 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2023; 14-24 3009-0806 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/221/132 Copyright (c) 2023 Wei Xuen New, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Helena Manik, Yureana Wijayanti, Daniel A. Adeyemi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/223 2025-12-28T02:35:00Z tebt:REV

Microplastic Ingestion in Aquatic Animals in South East Asia Lim, Apollonia Huei Jhe Kristanti, Risky Ayu Endrotjahyo, Edy Thao, Nguyen Thi Thanh Adeyemi, Daniel A. Microplastics; aquatic animals; remediation; ecosystem cycle The study aimed to review the ingestion of microplastics by aquatic animals in the South East Asia and the impacts of this ingestion on the environment, human health, and species health, as well as to explore technologies for remediation. Microplastic particles range in size from 1 to 5 microns and are the result of the breakdown of larger, original plastic particles. Microplastic was defined in 2011, but the majority of people did not view it as a serious pollutant or act accordingly. Microplastic is a serious pollutant that has prompted increased research and experimentation since 2005. Microplastics are so small that they can enter the tissues and organs of aquatic animals. Malaysia produces a quantity of plastic waste and receives plastic waste from other countries for disposal. The effects of microplastic on aquatic animals have been studied in relation to the ecosystem cycle and food chain. The presence of microplastic in aquatic animals has detrimental effects on the environment, human health, species health, and the ecosystem. Physical, chemical, and biological technologies are provided, as well as a combination of two technologies, for the remediation of microplastic, which aids in the removal of microplastic from the environment and the reduction of microplastic in aquatic animals. These technologies aim to reduce the concentration of microplastics in water bodies, preventing their ingestion by aquatic animals. However, their efficiency in tropical regions may vary, depending on the specific environmental conditions. It requires continued research, policy, and public awareness to mitigate the impacts of microplastics on the environment and human health. In addition, microplastics generate some challenges and opportunities for reducing microplastics' impact on humans and the environment in the future. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-06-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/223 10.53623/tebt.v1i1.223 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2023; 25-35 3009-0806 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/223/133 Copyright (c) 2023 Apollonia Huei Jhe Lim, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Edy Endrotjahyo, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao, Daniel A. Adeyemi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/224 2025-12-28T02:35:00Z tebt:REV

Implementation of Soil Washing in Remediation of Contaminated Soil Choong, Wei Sheng Kristanti, Risky Ayu Khanitchaidecha, Wilawan Emre, Mehmet Albescu, Mihaela Soil washing; soil type; remediation; heavy metal Many human anthropogenic activities, including as deforestation, fossil fuel combustion, industrialisation, and solid waste production, have contaminated and endangered the entire environmental ecosystem in this age of pollution. Recently, heavy metal contamination in soil particles has attracted the attention of governments around the world, as many agricultural farmlands are contaminated with heavy metal pollutants such as copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and lead, which have negatively impacted crop development. In addition, long-term exposure of the human body to heavy metals will cause severe illnesses, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic diseases. These contaminated soils are extremely tough and demanding to remediate. Soil washing is one of the most effective, rapid, and straightforward ways for decontaminating heavy metal-contaminated soil. The primary purpose of soil washing is to clean the sand and gravel fractions while concentrating contaminants in the clay and silt fractions. This will aid in the removal of heavy metal particles from the soil and their transfer to the washing solution. This study will examine the fate and transport of heavy metal contaminants as well as the many forms of soil washing mechanisms. In addition, the obstacles of implementing soil washing as well as its advantages and disadvantages were explored. Further research and possibly new directions, in addition to the possibility of soil washing, would also be discussed. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-06-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/224 10.53623/tebt.v1i1.224 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2023; 36-46 3009-0806 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/224/136 Copyright (c) 2023 Wei Sheng Choong, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Wilawan Khanitchaidecha, Mehmet Emre, Mihaela Albescu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/238 2025-12-28T02:35:00Z tebt:REV

Utilization of Green Materials and Technology for Sustainable Construction in Malaysia Lau, Yu Yan Talukdar, Gaurav Widyasamratri, Hasti Wang, Jie El-shaammari, Mohamed Construction; Policies; Management; Green; Sustainable; Challenges; Malaysia The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the construction industry on the environment in Malaysia and propose strategies for mitigating its adverse effects through the adoption of sustainable building techniques. The study recognizes the importance of a healthy ecosystem in promoting health conditions, improving living standards, and ensuring a sustainable future for the nation. However, the recent population expansion has placed increased pressure on Malaysia's building industry and infrastructure, resulting in environmental degradation caused by the construction sector. To address this issue, the study examines the overall framework of ecological management implemented in Malaysia's construction industry. It evaluates key aspects of construction management, including the formulation and implementation of environmental policies, the involvement of stakeholders in decision-making processes, and the effective management of construction waste. Additionally, the study conducts a comprehensive assessment of specific regulations and guidelines pertaining to construction waste, water contamination, and air pollution, all of which are prevalent issues in Malaysia's construction activities. Furthermore, the study highlights the benefits of using green materials in construction to minimize environmental impact and enhance overall quality of life. It explores the implementation of green technologies in Malaysia, considering their advantages and disadvantages within the local context. By doing so, the study aims to provide insights into the challenges faced in the widespread adoption of green technologies, taking into account the perspectives of the government, economy, society, and available resources. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the need for collaboration among all stakeholders to address environmental damage effectively. It stresses the importance of an inclusive approach, ensuring that no one is left behind in the efforts to rectify the situation and prevent further deterioration of the environment. By taking proactive measures and implementing sustainable building techniques, it is hoped that the construction industry in Malaysia can contribute to a greener and more sustainable future for the nation. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-06-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/238 10.53623/tebt.v1i1.238 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2023; 47-66 3009-0806 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/238/144 Copyright (c) 2023 Yu Yan Lau, Gaurav Talukdar, Hasti Widyasamratri, Jie Wang, Mohamed El-shaammari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/283 2025-12-28T02:31:20Z tebt:ART

Evaluation of the Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Isolates from Feed and Water of Selected Poultry Farms in Awka Anambra State, Nigeria Okafor, Ugochukwu Chukwuma Okpechi, Christian Ifeanyi Umeoduagu, Nnamdi Dike The susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from poultry feeds and poultry water samples to selected antibiotics was assessed. Standard methods were used to analyze selected poultry feeds and poultry water samples. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates were determined against the following antibacterial agents: erythromycin (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (10 µg), ampiclox (20 µg), rifampicin (20 µg), amoxil (20 µg), septrin (30 µg), ampicillin (30 µg), ceporex (10 µg), levofloxacin (20 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), streptomycin (30 µg), norfloxacin (10 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), ofloxacin (10 µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), reflecine (10 µg), and augmentin (30 µg).The highest viable counts of bacteria isolated from poultry feed and water samples were 2.7x106 cfu/g and 1.69x103 cfu/ml, respectively. The highest fungal counts in the poultry feed and water samples were 1.60x105 cfu/g and 2x105 cfu/ml, respectively. Bacterial isolates from poultry feed and water samples included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungal isolates included Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Mucor species, and Candida species.Staphylococcus aureus exhibited the highest susceptibility to most of the antibiotics, while Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance, as it was resistant to five out of the ten antibiotics tested in this study. The research has demonstrated that poultry feed and poultry water showed varying levels of contamination, which may pose serious health risks to poultry. Amoxil, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, reflecine, and ofloxacin are recommended for use as antibiotics to treat diseases that may be caused by some of these pathogens. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-09-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/283 10.53623/tebt.v1i2.283 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2023; 67-75 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/283/164 Copyright (c) 2023 Ugochukwu Chukwuma Okafor, Christian Ifeanyi Okpechi, Nnamdi Dike Umeoduagu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/301 2025-12-28T02:31:20Z tebt:ART

Demographics and Chemical Preservatives Used by Vegetable and Fruit Retailers Selected Across Markets in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria Yahaya, Tajudeen Ukeoma, Amarachi Musa, Mohammed Abdullahi, Lukman Muhammad, Abubakar John, Emmanuel Literatures show that several thousands of Nigerians die yearly from poisoning caused by chemical preservatives used for vegetables and fruits. Thus, there is the need to prioritize the safety of vegetables and fruits consumed in every locality in the country. The demographics of 50 vegetable and fruit retailers randomly selected across markets in Lagos, Nigeria, as well as types of chemical preservatives used, were determined in this study. The survey revealed that 32 (64%) of the participants were females, while 18 (36%) were males. Participants with no formal education were 2 (4%), those with primary education were 13 (26%), those with secondary education consisted of 24 (46%), and those with tertiary education made up of 11 members (22%). 16 (32%) participants were Hausa, 13 (26%) participants were Yoruba, 12 (24%) participants were Igbo, and the rest were sub-ethnic groups. 28 (56%) participants use natural methods, while 22 (44.00%) participants use chemical preservatives, mostly pesticides. Of the 22 participants that use chemicals, gammalin-20 was used by 6 (27%) participants, sniper was used by 4 (18%) participants, aluminum phosphide was used by 4 (18%) participants, DDT (otapiapia) was used by 3 (14%) participants, carbide was used by 3 (14%) participants, and brodifacum was used by 2 (9%) participants. Based on these results, there is a significant use of chemical preservatives across markets in Lagos, which can predispose consumers to health hazards. Vegetable and fruit retailers and consumers in the city need to be sensitized on the health threat posed by chemical preservatives. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/301 10.53623/tebt.v1i2.301 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2023; 76-85 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/301/171 Copyright (c) 2023 Tajudeen Yahaya, Amarachi Ukeoma, Mohammed Musa, Lukman Abdullahi, Abubakar Muhammad, Emmanuel John https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/314 2025-12-28T02:31:42Z tebt:ART

Some Aspects of the Biology of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineensis inhabiting Mahin Lagoon, Nigeria Ajibare, Adefemi Olatayo Sex Ratio, Fecundity, Gonado-Somatic Index, Length-Weight Relationship and Diet Composition. Studies on fish biology are important because they help determine the best management strategy to use in order to conserve fish species in their natural habitat. Thus, some aspects of the Biology of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineensis in the Mahin Lagoon were covered in this study. For the study, 121 fish samples were collected. The sex ratio of S. melanotheron (1:1.64) and T. guineensis (1:1.36) showed no significant deviation from the expected 1:1. Fecundity ranged from 243 to 1223 in S. melanotheron and 156 to 600 in T. guineensis with means of 344.39±166.85 and 286.27±114.85 respectively indicating low fecundity in both species. Observed Gonado-Somatic Index (6.40±3.25% for T. guineensis and 5.65±3.31% for S. melanotheron) suggested the peak of gonad maturity. The regression equation of the length-weight relationship indicated that S. melanotheron exhibited negative allometric growth in male (b=1.66, R2=0.63), female (b=2.80, R2=0.83) and combined sex (b=2.55, R2=0.78) while T. guineensis exhibited positive allometry in male (b=3.05, R2=0.97), female (b=3.04, R2=0.95) and combined sex (b=3.04, R2=0.96). The condition factor was greater than 2 for both species. This study also revealed that the fecundity of the two species was size dependent. Examination of stomach fullness revealed that 4.2% and 0.0% of S. melanotheron and T. guineensis had empty stomachs while 20.0% and 3.8% had full stomachs respectively. This study therefore established that the study area was conducive for the fish. Monitoring and regulation of the fisheries is therefore recommended for conservation and management of the study area.    Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-01-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/314 10.53623/tebt.v2i1.314 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2024; 1-13 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/314/189 Copyright (c) 2024 Adefemi Olatayo Ajibare https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/324 2025-12-28T02:31:20Z tebt:ART

Effect of Land Use Types on Soil Properties in Benin City, Nigeria Okonofua, Ehizonomhen Ogbomida, Emmanuel Emeribe, Chukwudi Beckely Anichie Emeribe, Oluchi Carbon content, Significant difference, Environmental, Urban, Soil properties This study examined the impact of land use types on soil characteristics in Benin City, Nigeria. In both the rainy and dry seasons, soil samples were taken from a farmland at the University of Benin in Nigeria at depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm, respectively. The physicochemical parameters investigated include pH, EC, carbon content, nitrogen, organic matter, phosphorus, aluminum, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), as well as Ca, Mg, K, and Na. When comparing seasonal differences in pH, phosphorus, aluminum, and CEC levels, significant differences were revealed at ρ < 0.05, d = 0.0001 for pH, ρ < 0.05, d = 0.0001 for phosphorus, ρ < 0.05, d = 0.0002 for aluminum, and ρ < 0.05, d = 0.019 for CEC, respectively. Conversely, the seasonal differences in EC, carbon content, nitrogen, and organic matter were not significant at ρ < 0.05, d = 0.46 for EC, ρ < 0.05, d = 0.30 for carbon content, ρ < 0.05, d = 0.46 for nitrogen, and ρ < 0.05, d = 0.31 for organic matter, respectively. The investigated soil physico-chemical properties did not vary significantly according to land use types at ρ and d values. This study showed that, in general, soil characteristics were highly influenced by different land uses and hence emphasizes the need to monitor urban land use activities. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-12-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/324 10.53623/tebt.v1i2.324 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2023; 94-109 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/324/175 Copyright (c) 2023 Ehizonomhen Okonofua, Emmanuel Ogbomida, Chukwudi Emeribe, Beckely Anichie, Oluchi Emeribe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/327 2025-12-28T02:31:20Z tebt:ART

Microbial Assessment of Aprons Worn By Some Street Food Vendors In Awka South, Anambra State, Nigeria Okafor, Ugochukwu Chukwuma Justin, Ene Chimbuzor Ikechi, Onyeneho Vitus Many food vendors touch money and other contaminated items with their bare hands before serving meals to customers without cleaning them. This creates a pathway for microorganisms to spread from their hands to the aprons and then the food. A total of six swabs were aseptically collected randomly from different parts in the respective aprons of food vendors from six randomly selected street food vendor points within the premises of the study area. The isolates' cultural and morphological characteristics were identified. Four bacterial and six fungal isolates were found in the aprons. The bacterial isolates include Staphylococcus aureus (32.7%), Bacillus spp.(21.8%), Klebsiella spp.(11.1%) and Escherichia coli (34.01%) while the fungal isolates include Mucor spp. (12.1%), Candida spp. (17.1%), Microsporum canis (17.1%), Penicillium spp. (9.7%) and Aspergillus spp. (24.3%) for fungi were isolated. Escherichia coli and  Aspergillus species were the most prevalent bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. It was observed that aprons of food-vendors who stay in close proximity to garbage dumps contained higher levels of pathogenic organisms. The results of this study showed that most food vendors fail to maintain proper food hygiene, which raises concerns for the public's health. Education of food vendors on personal, environmental, and food hygiene is crucial since it will help to reduce apron contamination and improve the safety of the food provided at vending locations. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/327 10.53623/tebt.v1i2.327 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2023; 86-93 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/327/172 Copyright (c) 2023 Ugochukwu Chukwuma Okafor, Ene Chimbuzor Justin, Onyeneho Vitus Ikechi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/333 2025-12-28T02:31:42Z tebt:ART

Growth Condition, Length-Weight Relationship and Morphological Diversity of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineensis inhabiting the Coastal Waters of Ondo State, Nigeria Ajibare, Adefemi Olatayo Ayeku, Patrick Oluwagbemiga Morphometric Characteristics Eco-Biology Allometry Pollution Cichlids Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineensis were studied in Mahin Lagoon and Idiogba in the coastal waters of Ondo State to determine their sizes, length-weight relationships, and condition factors. The mean total length and weight for S. melanotheron were 13.35±1.66 cm and 48.41±20.89 g in Mahin, and 13.44±1.72 cm and 49.96±20.80 g in Idiogba, respectively. Meanwhile, the values recorded for T. guineensis were 16.06±4.83 cm and 104.81±107.94 g in Mahin, and 15.00±3.74 cm and 78.98±81.51 g in Idiogba. This morphological similarity revealed an overlap of data between the populations of the two species in Mahin Lagoon and Idiogba. The regression coefficient (b) of length and weight revealed that S. melanotheron exhibited hypoallometry (b=2.55; a=-2.76; R2=0.78) in Mahin and (b=2.31; a=-2.13; R2=0.78) in Idiogba, while T. guineensis exhibited hyperallometry (b=3.04; a=-4.06; R2=0.96) in Mahin and (b=3.05; a=-4.11; R2=0.92) in Idiogba. The condition factor was greater than 2 for both species, although it was higher in T. guineensis (K=2.53 in Mahin and K=2.34 in Idiogba) than in S. melanotheron (K=2.04 in Mahin and K=2.06 in Idiogba). Therefore, this study revealed that both species were very fat and healthy despite anthropogenic activities in the study area. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-01-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/333 10.53623/tebt.v2i1.333 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2024; 14-22 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/333/190 Copyright (c) 2024 Adefemi Olatayo Ajibare, Patrick Oluwagbemiga Ayeku https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/341 2025-12-28T02:31:20Z tebt:REV

Climate Change and Plastic Pollution: A Review of Their Connections Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel Climate change extreme weather events global warming microplastics plastic pollution sea level rise The world faces two major environmental issues concurrently, namely climate change and plastic pollution. Though seemingly unrelated, they intricately influence each other. This review aims to present the intricate connections between climate change and plastic pollution through the review of recent literature in these genres. The review explains that global warming could increase plastic degradation through physical, chemical, and biological processes, leading to an increased abundance of microplastics. Global warming enhances the leaching of chemicals from microplastics. Higher temperatures promote desorption of chemicals sorbed on plastics by providing the adsorbates with more kinetic energy to overcome attractions with the adsorbents. Higher temperatures can also promote biofilm formation and alter the microbial community structures of biofilms. Melting sea ice and glaciers associated with warming temperatures release the microplastics trapped in the environment. Sea-level rise and extreme weather events enhance the transfer of microplastics between land, ocean, and air, thus changing their distribution and transport, while ocean acidification may influence the biofouling of microplastics and increase the vulnerability of some corals to the impacts of microplastics. Plastic pollution, however, exacerbates climate change due to the release of greenhouse gases throughout the lifecycle of plastics. Microplastics also adversely affect the growth of microalgae, hence the ocean carbon cycle. Airborne microplastics can alter the energy balance of the Earth through scattering and absorbing radiation. This review suggests a circular economic approach to minimize waste, maximize the reuse and recycling of plastics, and promote the use of plastic substitutes to address both issues. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2023-12-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/341 10.53623/tebt.v1i2.341 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2023; 110-120 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/341/180 Copyright (c) 2023 Kuok Ho Daniel Tang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/423 2025-12-28T02:31:42Z tebt:ART

Microbiological Analysis of Hawked-Cooked Food: Evidence from Ready-to-Eat Food Vendors in Dutse Ultra-Modern Market, Northwestern, Nigeria Amoo, Afeez Oladeji Adeleye, Adeniyi Olarewaju Bate, Garba Barde Ijanu, Madu Emmanuel Adamu, Suleiman Bashir Asaju, Catherine Iyabo Olaitan, Idris Ireti food safety hawked cooked food food hygiene ready-to-eat total viable counts These days, public health policy is primarily concerned with the global challenge of food safety. Hawked-cooked foods (HCF) play a vital role in people's everyday food alternatives, as their ever-increasing busy schedules take away the opportunity to eat homemade foods. This study aimed at analyzing the bacteriological quality of HCF sold in Dutse ultra-modern market. This study observed and analyzed the bacteriological quality of the nine (9) most popular foods sold by hawkers in the research region. All samples were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The total viable bacterial counts in the samples for the reciprocal of dilution 105 ranged between 3.2  106  and 1.40  107 CFU/g, while dilution 107 ranged from 1.50  108 to 1.10  109 CFU/g. A total of twelve bacteria that are of public health importance were isolated and identified from the assayed ready-to-eat foods. All the sampled ready-to-eat foods in this study recorded bacteriological contaminants, which can potentially constitute public health issues. Seven of these bacteria are pathogenic; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibro cholerae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella sp.  Prior to food sampling, most food hawkers interrogated lack western education, demonstrating the low degree of hygiene they practice in the preparation of the hawked foods. Therefore, in order to prevent impending public health catastrophes (food-borne illnesses) that can be brought on by consuming HCF, it is advised that food producers who hawk  ready-to-eat foods adopt hygienic practice in the preparation and serving to improve food safety. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-05-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/423 10.53623/tebt.v2i1.423 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2024; 23-33 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/423/217 Copyright (c) 2024 Afeez Oladeji Amoo, Adeniyi Olarewaju Adeleye, Garba Barde Bate, Madu Emmanuel Ijanu, Suleiman Bashir Adamu, Catherine Iyabo Asaju, Idris Ireti Olaitan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/438 2025-12-28T02:31:42Z tebt:ART

Assessment of Levels and Health Risks of Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM10) and Associated Gaseous Elements in Selected Locations in Lagos, Nigeria Yahaya, Tajudeen Fagbayi, Tawakalt Abdulazeez, Abdulmalik Izuafa, Abdulrazaq Abdulrahman, Sani Kalgo Obadiah, Caleb Particulate matter with a size of 10 micrometers (PM10) poses health risks and thus needs to be monitored in every locality. This study assessed the health risks associated with PM10 and related gaseous elements, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3), in the ambient air of selected locations in Lagos, Nigeria. Theselocations included Ikeja, Apapa, Idumota, Odogunyan, Yaba, Obalende, Agege, Oshodi, Oto-Awori, and Ojodu. The average hourly dose (AHD), average daily dose (ADD), and hazard quotient (HQ) of these pollutants werecalculated. The results indicated that PM10 levels (ranging from 48.05±0.97 µg/m3 in Obalende to 115.00±1.74µg/m3 in Apapa) and CO levels (ranging from 12.46±0.84 µg/m3 in Obalende to 58.50±3.64 µg/m3 in Agege) exceeded the WHO permissible limits at all locations (45µg/m3 for PM10 and 7 µg/m3 for CO). NO2 levels (ranging from 0.00 µg/m3 in Yaba and Obalende to 23.98±2.06 µg/m3 in Oshodi) and O3 levels (ranging from 2.25±0.20 µg/m3 in Odogunyan to 38.71±2.41 µg/m3 in Oshodi) remained within permissible limits (25µg/m3 for NO2 and 100µg/m3 for O3) across all locations. The HQ of the ADD for both PM10 and CO (Agege and Oshodi only) exceeded the threshold, suggesting that air quality in these locations may induce toxic effects. These findings emphasize the need forpolicies aimed at controlling pollution in the city. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-05-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/438 10.53623/tebt.v2i1.438 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2024; 34-43 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/438/218 Copyright (c) 2024 Tajudeen Yahaya, Tawakalt Fagbayi, Abdulmalik Abdulazeez, Abdulrazaq Izuafa, Sani Kalgo Abdulrahman, Caleb Obadiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/441 2025-12-28T02:31:42Z tebt:REV

Advancements in Green Materials for Concrete in South East Asia: A Mini Review Liong, Rachel Puspitasari, Surya Dewi Binhudayb, Faisal Saud Hesham, Salem Sustainable development, concrete, ASEAN, green material, construction The rapid growth in the global population necessitated an increase in construction activities to provide shelter for humans, consequently driving the construction industry's significant contribution to the GDP of ASEAN countries. This study specifically examined the utilization of green materials for concrete in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Construction, being a material-intensive sector, consumed vast amounts of natural resources and generated substantial waste and harmful emissions, posing significant environmental challenges. In response, sustainable development initiatives were prioritized across ASEAN nations to address these issues. Governments and relevant authorities implemented various strategies to promote sustainable practices in construction, including providing financial support to both public and private sectors. Among these practices, the adoption of green materials for concrete stood out as a promising approach for sustainable development in the construction sector. By incorporating recycled aggregates, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other environmentally friendly alternatives, these countries aimed to reduce resource consumption, minimize waste generation, and mitigate environmental impact. Embracing sustainable construction practices not only promoted environmental stewardship but also contributed to long-term economic viability and social well-being in the ASEAN region. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-06-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/441 10.53623/tebt.v2i1.441 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2024; 44-56 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/441/221 Copyright (c) 2024 Rachael Liong, Surya Dewi Puspitasar, Faisal Saud Binhudayb, Salem Hesham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/451 2025-12-28T02:27:01Z tebt:ART

Utilization of Aquatic Plants and Microalgae for Sustainable Aquaculture Production and Potential Biotechnological Applications Omweno, Job Ombiro Argwings, Omondi Sieberi, Berrick Moturi Angima, Merceline Ondieki, Peter Maangi Sustainable Feeding Solutions Spirulina Azolla Fish Farming Nutritional Value Locally available feedstuffs, such as grain seed cakes, oilseeds, and vegetable waste, hold immense potential as alternative feed sources in fish farming. However, these plant-based ingredients have low crude protein content and lack essential fatty acids, which lowers palatability and feed conversion efficiencies, leading to suboptimal fish growth. Traditional feedstuffs like fishmeal and soybean meal face sustainability challenges such as local unavailability, the presence of anti-nutritional factors, and energy-intensive processing. The rising costs of commercial aqua-feeds and feed scarcity necessitate exploring alternative fish feed options. Aquatic plants like Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor,  and Azolla pinnata,  along with green and blue-green microalgae such as Chlorella spp. and Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina), are promising alternatives due to their high protein content, availability of essential omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), and beneficial bioactive compounds. These plants and microalgae, with crude protein content ranging from 25% to 65%, can significantly enhance fish growth, health, and product quality by partially or entirely replacing fishmeal. Their nitrogen-fixing abilities contribute to their high protein levels. Additionally, these organisms have various biotechnological applications, including phytoremediation, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), aquaponics, biofloc technology, and constructed wetlands. Despite their potential, challenges in scaling up and integrating these alternatives into existing systems remain. Collaborative efforts and advocacy among farmer groups are crucial for knowledge sharing and fostering sustainable biotechnological solutions. Long-term strategies should focus on upscaling local feed production and research and development to achieve self-sufficiency and cost-effective natural feed production systems in fish farming. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/451 10.53623/tebt.v2i2.451 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024; 57-71 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/451/236 Copyright (c) 2024 Job Ombiro Omweno, Omondi Argwings, Berrick Moturi Sieberi, Merceline Angima, Peter Maangi Ondieki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/461 2025-12-28T02:27:01Z tebt:REV

Stress and Struggles of Soil Biodiversity in the Global Innovative Technology for Food Sustainability Ekenwosu, Joseph Okorie, Peter Nzenwa, Peter Soil biodiversity soil degradation food security and sustainability Right from pre-historic times, humans have always looked for ways to explore the environment to satisfy basic economic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. History is filled with various strategies borne out of this desire by humans to subdue the environment and judging from the drawbacks of some scientific advancements, one will be stating the obvious that the soil environment is at the receiving end of the brazen intrusion of nature. Regardless of the improvement in science we still experience environmental challenges such as soil pollution, soil degradation, drought, biodiversity loss, deforestation, etc. This article advocates that the advancement in science with the sole aim of food security and sustainability should not necessarily translate into stress and struggle for soil biodiversity. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/461 10.53623/tebt.v2i2.461 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024; 72-79 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/461/237 Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph Ekenwosu, Peter Okorie, Peter Nzenwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/482 2025-12-28T02:27:01Z tebt:REV

The Shift Towards Green Construction: A Review of Environmental Management Strategies and Sustainable Materials in Developed Countries Sen, Brendan Tam, Nicholas Maharjan, Rabin Maharjan, Amit Kumar Talukdar, Gaurav Environment; Green Materials; Management; Developed Countries Green materials have proven to be highly effective in managing environmental impacts when implemented in construction activities. The aim of this review paper is to critically examine the shift towards green construction practices in developed countries, with a focus on the integration of environmental management strategies and the use of sustainable materials. Currently, developed countries such as Switzerland, Japan, and China have significantly benefited their local environments by implementing these practices in the construction industry. Authorities and governments in these nations have taken proactive steps to establish standards and policies for the construction sector, encouraging more industries to participate in environmental management and protection efforts. The enforcement of rules and regulations in these developed countries has led the construction industry to prioritize environmental management and protection. The use of green materials in construction projects, including autoclaved aerated concrete blocks and green roof technology, has shown positive trends in advancing environmental protection and management. Developing countries are encouraged to adopt similar initiatives and utilize green materials in their construction industries to help secure the importance of environmental sustainability. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-10-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/482 10.53623/tebt.v2i2.482 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024; 80–92 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/482/248 Copyright (c) 2024 Brendan Sen, Nicholas Tam, Rabin Maharjan, Amit Kumar Maharjan, Gaurav Talukdar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/492 2025-12-28T02:27:01Z tebt:REV

Groundwater Contamination by Heavy Metals in Malaysia: Sources, Transport, and Remediation Strategies Wong, Wei Lin Emre, Mehmet Talukdar, Gaurav Groundwater contamination; heavy metals; 2D resistivity imaging; MODFLOW; phytoremediation; permeable reactive barrier Groundwater contamination by heavy metals is a pressing environmental concern, particularly in regions highly dependent on groundwater as a freshwater source. While Malaysia primarily relies on river water, certain states and islands depend on groundwater for their supply. Research on heavy metal contamination in Malaysia’s groundwater remains limited, making it crucial to study the distribution and mobility of contaminants to develop appropriate remediation strategies. In addition to natural sources, anthropogenic activities such as landfills, mining, and the use of fertilizers contribute significantly to heavy metal pollution in groundwater. Factors like rainfall, fluctuating groundwater levels, and low soil pH can exacerbate heavy metal leaching into aquifers. Various models and techniques, including 2D resistivity imaging and MODFLOW, are used to assess groundwater flow and contaminant transport. These models suggest that contaminant concentrations decrease with increased depth and radial distance from pollution sources such as landfills and mining areas. The health risks associated with heavy metal exposure through groundwater consumption are significant, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation is an economical solution for groundwater containing low concentrations of heavy metals, while permeable reactive barriers may be suitable for more complex cases, pending detailed site investigation. This review aims to examine the current state of knowledge on heavy metal contamination in Malaysia’s groundwater, focusing on sources, distribution patterns, and movement of pollutants. It also seeks to evaluate existing remediation methods, including phytoremediation and permeable reactive barriers, while identifying gaps in research, particularly concerning risk assessments and heavy metal speciation. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-10-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/492 10.53623/tebt.v2i2.492 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024; 93-105 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/492/250 Copyright (c) 2024 Wei Lin Wong, Mehmet Emre, Gaurav Talukdar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/532 2025-12-28T02:27:01Z tebt:REV

Phytoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons: An Update of Its Recent Progress Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel bioaugmentation fertilizer microorganisms phytoremediation optimization soil amendment Phytoremediation continues to play an important role in the remediation of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons, as demonstrated by the ongoing influx of research articles in this field. A review of the recent literature reveals that studies on phytoremediation continue to assess the effectiveness of both existing and new plant species, particularly in treating contaminated soils. Fertilization and soil amendments are commonly incorporated into these studies. There is significant interest in microbial-assisted phytoremediation and the optimization of phytoremediation with surfactants and root exudates. Phytoremediation using plants alone often encounters limited efficiency (<65% petroleum hydrocarbon removal). However, fertilization, soil amendments, and additives like root exudates can boost efficiency to slightly above 80%, particularly with compost. Microbial-assisted phytoremediation could further increase efficiency to more than 90%, depending on the microorganisms used. Endomycorrhizal fungi and Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DM21 appear to have pronounced enhancing effects on petroleum hydrocarbon removal. Combining and optimizing good agricultural practices, fertilization, soil amendments, additives, and microbial-assisted phytoremediation could enhance overall efficiency while improving plant growth, even in saline or highly contaminated soils. Research on phytoremediation of water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is significantly less prevalent. This review contributes to the identification of effective phytoremediation strategies and suggests that future research could focus on further exploring plant-microbe interactions to improve petroleum hydrocarbon removal. Artificial intelligence could also be incorporated to optimize factors that positively influence phytoremediation. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2024-12-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/532 10.53623/tebt.v2i2.532 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 2 - Issue 2 - 2024; 106‒123 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v2i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/532/272 Copyright (c) 2024 Kuok Ho Daniel Tang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/615 2025-12-28T02:24:34Z tebt:ART

Diversity of Clupeidae (Cuvier, 1816) in the New Calabar River, Rivers State, Nigeria Dienye, Henry Eyina Olopade, Olaniyi Alaba Pretty, Sunday Abundance Distribution New Calabar river Clupeidae The study examined the diversity of Clupeidae species in the New Calabar River, Rivers State, Nigeria. Fish samples were collected monthly between May and October 2024 with the assistance of fishermen using various fishing gear. A total of 155 individuals belonging to the Clupeidae family were recovered and identified. Several ecological indices were applied to analyze species abundance and diversity. Five species were recorded: Pellonula leonensis, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Ilisha africana, Sardinella maderensis, and Sardinella aurita. The most abundant species was Sardinella maderensis (49.03%), followed by Ilisha africana (16.77%), while Ethmalosa fimbriata showed the lowest abundance (5.16%). The Simpson’s index peaked in September (0.73) and was lowest in August (0.08). Dominance was highest in August (0.92) and lowest in September (0.27). The Shannon-Wiener index reached its highest value in September (1.45), indicating a highly diverse community, and the lowest in August (0.19). The evenness index was highest in October (0.91) and lowest in August (0.61). Margalef’s index was highest in September (1.91) and lowest in August (0.31), suggesting reduced richness and fewer species relative to the number of individuals during that month. The diversity indices indicate that the family Clupeidae is fairly distributed in the study area. It is therefore recommended that further research be conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biology and ecology of Clupeidae in the New Calabar River. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-05-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/615 10.53623/tebt.v3i1.615 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 1 - 2025; 1-10 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/615/301 Copyright (c) 2025 Henry Eyina Dienye, Olaniyi Alaba Olopade, Sunday Pretty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/627 2025-12-28T02:24:34Z tebt:REV

Eco-Friendly Strategies for Pesticide Removal: Biotechnological and Microbial Approaches Jayasekara, Upeksha Gayangani Nabila, Benhamada Kristanti, Risky Ayu Rubiyatno Hossain, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Jannat, Md Abu Hanifa Ruti, Annisa Andarini Twum-Ampofo, Daniel Direstiyani, Lucky Caesar Soil bioremediation, Microbial enzymes, Pesticides-contaminated soil, Biopesticides enzymatic degradation Population growth was very rapid and triggered significant advancements in both the industrial and agricultural sectors, leading to increased production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The over-utilization of chemical compounds greatly accelerated several environmental pollution problems that were highly harmful to both local ecosystems and human health. Therefore, this justified the study of the environmental fate and transport of pesticides, their effects on human health, and an overview of enzymatic decomposition as a biological means for pesticide removal. More specifically, the study focused on potential agents such as carboxylesterases and hydrolases, examining their mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages in bioremediation applications. It discussed the environmental fate and transport of pesticides and their impact on human health. The subsequent sections addressed enzymatic degradation, with a focus on carboxylesterases and hydrolases, presenting their mechanisms along with the benefits and limitations of applying them in bioremediation. The article also examined future prospects for enzyme reactions in bioremediation and purification processes. Bioremediation was identified as a highly promising method for remediating pesticide-contaminated soil. Microorganisms removed the compounds from the environment. Among various remediation approaches, enzymatic breakdown of biocides emerged as a particularly promising method for treating biodegradable pollutants by breaking down persistent chemical compounds and eliminating waste materials through enzymatic reactions. This method demonstrated the ability to degrade most organic pollutants and was shown to be both feasible and eco-friendly, with considerable potential for treating other types of organic contamination. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-05-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/627 10.53623/tebt.v3i1.627 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 1 - 2025; 11-24 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/627/305 Copyright (c) 2025 Upeksha Gayangani Jayasekara, Benhamada Nabila, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Rubiyatno, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain, Md Abu Hanifa Jannat, Annisa Andarini Ruti, Daniel Twum-Ampofo, Lucky Caesar Direstiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/628 2025-12-28T02:24:34Z tebt:REV

Green Material Technologies in the Malaysian Construction Industry: Current Trends and Future Prospects Primus, Audrey Syafruddin, Muhammad Zulkifly, Abbas Puspitasari, Surya Dewi Yusnar, Cut Tongco, Jovale Vincent Maharjan, Amit Kumar Maharjan, Rabin Jayapadma, Jayapadma Mudalige Miyuru Uthpala Illahi, Yuangga Rizky Permana, Muhamad Diki sustainable construction; environmental management practice; green materials; agricultural waste; green technology. Rapid urbanization and industrialization coupled with growing population causes rapid development of the construction industry. The construction activities carried out and improper construction waste management can result in significant environmental impact if not mitigated such as air and dust pollution, surface water pollution and noise pollution. Government policies and initiatives for sustainable construction has been formulated and implemented in Malaysia to promote green construction.  The adoption of industrialised building system (IBS) is encouraged to achieve construction waste minimization and reduction starting from the design and planning stage of construction. The implementation of 3Rs strategies is also significant to reduce the construction waste generated and minimize the environmental pollution caused by landfill disposal of construction waste. Agricultural waste can be incorporated in the manufacturing of concrete as substitute for cement or aggregate hence can decrease the greenhouse gases emission associated with cement manufacturing. Several green materials technologies including solar photovoltaic system, cooling roof system and rainwater harvesting system are implemented in Malaysia. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/628 10.53623/tebt.v3i1.628 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 1 - 2025; 25-39 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/628/308 Copyright (c) 2025 Audrey Primus, Muhammad Syafruddin, Abbas Zulkifly, Surya Dewi Puspitasari, Cut Yusnar, Jovale Vincent Tongco, Amit Kumar Maharjan, Rabin Maharjan, Jayapadma Mudalige Miyuru Uthpala Jayapadma, Yuangga Rizky Illahi, Muhamad Diki Permana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/630 2025-12-28T02:24:34Z tebt:REV

Sources, Fate, and Transport of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Urban Soils of Vietnam: Challenges for Sustainable Urban Development Jayasekara , Upeksha Gayangani Premarathna, Kadupitige Shashikala Dilrukshi Salim, Razman Maznan Thao, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hossai, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Rubiyatno Thakali, Ocean Aina, Corry Wahyuningsih, Ni Putu Sri Commey, Nii Amarquaye Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs); Vietnam; Urban soil; health problem The rapid growth of the human population in recent years significantly accelerated urbanization across ASEAN countries. Among them, Vietnam emerged as one of the fastest-developing nations, undergoing swift industrial expansion and urban development. While this progress brought economic benefits, it also posed serious environmental challenges, most notably, the increasing presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the natural environment. These harmful pollutants, often derived from industrial processes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and domestic waste, infiltrated ecosystems through air, water, and particularly soil. The core problem addressed in this study was the accumulation of EDCs in urban soils, which served as major reservoirs and posed long-term risks to both ecological systems and public health. Studies linked EDC exposure to hormonal imbalances, reproductive disorders, developmental issues, and even certain cancers in humans and animals. In addition, EDCs disrupted soil biodiversity, impaired microbial communities, and threatened species dependent on soil ecosystems. The accumulation of these compounds in Vietnam’s urban soil was especially concerning due to the country’s rapid industrialization and weak environmental regulations. This study aimed to provide a focused overview of the occurrence, sources, and impacts of EDCs in Vietnam’s urban soils and to explore potential mitigation strategies suited to the nation’s socio-industrial context. Key findings highlighted the role of urban soil as a critical sink for persistent pollutants, the urgent need for regulatory enforcement, and the importance of integrated waste management. In conclusion, Vietnam’s continued development must be accompanied by proactive environmental strategies to reduce EDC contamination and safeguard ecosystem health. Future research should prioritize site-specific monitoring, the development of sustainable remediation technologies, and the evaluation of regulatory frameworks to better manage EDC risks. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-05-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/630 10.53623/tebt.v3i1.630 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 1 - 2025; 40-50 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/630/311 Copyright (c) 2025 Upeksha Gayangani Jayasekara , Kadupitige Shashikala Dilrukshi Premarathna, Razman Maznan Salim, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossai, Rubiyatno, Ocean Thakali, Corry Aina, Ni Putu Sri Wahyuningsih, Nii Amarquaye Commey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/652 2025-12-28T02:24:34Z tebt:ART

Evaluation of Microbial Contamination and Diversity in Raw Goat Meat from Selected Abattoirs in Awka, Nigeria Okafor, Ugochukwu Chukwuma Nwobu, Ikechukwu Martins Ozuah , Chidiebele Lawrence Fungal Isolates Microbial Contamination Pathogenic Bacteria Raw Goat Meat Sanitary Protocols The present investigation aimed to quantify and characterize the microbial diversity and contamination load in raw goat meat procured from abattoirs within the Awka Metropolis, with a focus on hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogenic entities. Raw meat samples were systematically collected from five predefined anatomical regions—liver, muscle, top site, belly, and genitals—on five randomly selected carcasses from multiple abattoirs. The samples were cultured using an array of selective media, leading to the identification and enumeration of thirteen fungal isolates and sixteen bacterial isolates. The isolates were subsequently purified and identified to the species level through comprehensive macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical analyses. The microbial contamination load was then compared against local and international regulatory benchmarks. All measured contamination levels were found to be within permissible thresholds, with most microbial loads reflecting the prevailing sanitary and environmental conditions within the Awka Metropolis. The study revealed the presence of pathogenic bacterial species with the following frequencies: Escherichia coli (100%), Klebsiella spp. (60%), Salmonella spp. (60%), and Staphylococcus aureus (100%). Among fungal contaminants, Candida albicans (80%), Aspergillus niger (80%), and Fusarium spp. (60%) were predominant. The microorganisms identified were primarily opportunistic pathogens but posed significant risks to public health, particularly to individuals with pre-existing conditions or compromised immune systems. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced sanitary protocols not only within abattoirs but also in the management of water sources and overall hygiene infrastructure throughout Awka, in order to mitigate microbial transmission risks and safeguard public health. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-05-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/652 10.53623/tebt.v3i1.652 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 1 - 2025; 51-63 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/652/312 Copyright (c) 2025 Ugochukwu Chukwuma Okafor, Ikechukwu Martins Nwobu, Chidiebele Lawrence Ozuah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/682 2025-12-28T02:24:34Z tebt:REV

The Healing Herb: A Literature Review on Blumea balsamifera in Urolithiasis Management Beberino, John Anthony L. Blumea balsamifera, locally known as sambong, was a widely used medicinal plant in the Philippines and other Asian countries due to its notable diuretic and anti-urolithic properties. The study aimed to synthesize relevant literature to determine the chemical composition, methods of preparation, and effectiveness of Blumea balsamifera in treating urolithiasis both locally and internationally. A qualitative review of various scientific studies and government-endorsed reports was conducted to consolidate findings related to its medicinal value. The synthesis revealed that Blumea balsamifera contained bioactive compounds such as camphor, limonene, cineole, and sesquiterpenes, which were responsible for its therapeutic effects. It was commonly prepared as a tea, decoction, or in tablet form, and was officially recognized by the Philippine Department of Health for treating kidney stones. International studies further supported its nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory benefits. The discussion highlighted the plant’s proven safety, accessibility, and integration into both traditional and modern healthcare practices. The consistent findings affirmed that Blumea balsamifera was an effective and reliable herbal remedy for urolithiasis, with validated applications across different countries. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-06-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/682 10.53623/tebt.v3i1.682 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 1 - 2025; 64-75 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/682/330 Copyright (c) 2025 John Anthony L. Beberino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/713 2025-12-28T02:20:29Z tebt:REV

Emerging Global Threat of Microplastics and Their Impact on Soil Sustainability: A Case of Southeast Nigeria Ekenwosu, Joseph Ikpeama, Chidinma Nzenwa , Peter Microplastics soil sustainability soil health microbial degradation environmental contamination Plastics became an integral part of daily life from food packaging to water bottles, but their environmental and health impacts raised significant concerns. Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, originated primarily from the fragmentation of larger plastic materials. These particles not only disrupted endocrine signaling but also caused cellular damage, making their ecological impact a critical area of study. A recent review examined water-soluble polymers, a rapidly growing class of materials found in cosmetics, paints, food packaging, and water purification systems. Despite their utility, these materials posed serious environmental risks due to their chemical composition and resistance to biodegradation. In some cases, their degradation products were even more hazardous and persisted in soil for extended periods. Studies showed that water-soluble plastics, such as polyethylene, posed significant threats to the environment. While they might not have appeared immediately harmful, their breakdown products had severe long-term effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Among the many global challenges to soil sustainability, MPs-induced soil perturbations were especially concerning in regions referred to as the “Global South.” In soil, MPs stressed beneficial microbial populations by blocking digestive tracts or altering biological processes, thereby weakening the overall soil ecosystem. Since soil biomes played a crucial role in decomposition and nutrient cycling, particularly the nitrogen cycle, their disruption profoundly affected soil health. Therefore, by disrupting vital natural processes essential for maintaining soil health, the presence of MPs demonstrated the potential to physically alter both the biological and physicochemical configuration of the soil. The continuous rise in plastic pollution and the emerging threats posed by MPs to soil sustainability worldwide remained urgent concerns. This study highlighted the risks that MPs posed to the physical, chemical, and biological components of the soil ecosystem. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-08-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/713 10.53623/tebt.v3i2.713 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2025; 76-85 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/713/346 Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph Ekenwosu, Chidinma Ikpeama, Peter Nzenwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/721 2025-12-28T02:20:29Z tebt:REV

Biotechnology in Agriculture, Medicine, and the Environment: A Review of Its Tools and Contributions Canda, Mico L. Biotechnology; PRISMA; Agriculture; Gene Editing; mRNA Vaccines; Bioremediation; Sustainable Innovation. Biotechnology played an important role in solving real-world problems in agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. It helped improve crop production, develop new treatments for diseases, and clean up pollution. This review aimed to explore the uses of biotechnology in these three fields and show how they were connected. To achieve this, the researcher used a scoping review method following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 32 peer-reviewed studies from 2020 to 2025 were selected using the inclusion criteria: full-text availability, recency, and relevance to biotechnology in agriculture, medicine, or environmental science. The findings showed that biotechnology helped farmers grow more food using gene editing tools like CRISPR. In medicine, it supported the creation of vaccines, cancer treatments, and faster disease detection. In the environment, it helped reduce pollution through bioremediation and other natural solutions. Many of these breakthroughs used similar tools and shared goals of sustainability and health improvement. In conclusion, biotechnology was a powerful tool with wide-reaching benefits. However, challenges such as ethical concerns, safety issues, and unequal access still needed to be addressed. Future studies should promote responsible and inclusive use of biotechnology to create a better future for all. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-08-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/721 10.53623/tebt.v3i2.721 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2025; 86-103 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/721/350 Copyright (c) 2025 Mico L. Canda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/773 2025-12-28T02:20:29Z tebt:REV

Exploring Common and Unique Developmental Mechanism in Vertebrate Organogenesis Penaso, Flooreliz G. Vertebrate embryogenesis is guided by a conserved molecular toolkit, including Wnt, BMP, Shh, and FGF signaling, which regulates gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis. While these processes are deeply conserved, species-specific adaptations reveal evolutionary flexibility and biomedical relevance. This review aimed to compare developmental trajectories in zebrafish (Danio rerio), frog (Xenopus laevis), chick (Gallus gallus), mouse (Mus musculus), and human (Homo sapiens) to identify common mechanisms and unique innovations. A systematic comparative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science covering the years 2000 to 2025. Studies were included if they reported molecular or morphological evidence of vertebrate embryonic development, whereas invertebrate studies and non–peer-reviewed sources were excluded. Extracted data focused on transcription factors (Hox, Pax, Sox), signaling pathways (Shh, BMP, FGF, Wnt), and key processes such as heart, limb, neural, and gut development. Findings show that all species undergo a conserved sequence of germ layer formation, neural tube closure, somitogenesis, and organogenesis, although their timing and morphogenetic strategies differ. Zebrafish complete gastrulation within five to ten hours after fertilization, whereas humans begin the process around fourteen to sixteen, underscoring divergent developmental tempos. Conserved regulators such as Nodal and Brachyury (germ layers), Pax6 and Shh (neural tube), and Nkx2.5 and GATA4 (heart) function consistently across taxa. Unique adaptations include limb regeneration in Xenopus tadpoles, extraembryonic yolk sac structures in chicks, placental development in mice, and prolonged neocortical expansion in humans. In conclusion, vertebrate development reflects a balance of conserved frameworks and evolutionary innovations. Comparative insights from model organisms not only illuminate developmental evolution but also advance biomedical understanding of congenital disorders and human-specific traits. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-09-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/773 10.53623/tebt.v3i2.773 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2025; 104-122 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/773/363 Copyright (c) 2025 Flooreliz G. Penaso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/837 2025-12-28T02:20:29Z tebt:ART

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Footwear Brands on the Human Toe Web Microbiome of Selected Students in Awka, Nigeria Nkamigbo, Stephanie Ifunanya Okafor, Ugochukwu Chukwuma Udemezue, Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu The synergy between microbes on human-associated objects and the environment we inhabited was of great relevance to human health and disease transmission. The type of footwear a person wore could influence the toe microbiome, which was a unique and often overlooked microenvironment. In this study, the effects of different footwear brands were investigated in relation to the toe web microbiome. Thirty (30) specimens were sampled from the toe webs of individuals who wore various kinds of footwear. They were grouped as free-toed shoes, breathable shoes, and non-breathable shoes. The assessment of these samples took place in the Microbiology Laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The media used for the analysis—Nutrient Agar (NA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)—were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Identification and characterization of the isolates were based on morphology, staining reactions, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. Four bacterial isolates were found in the toe webs of the participants: Neisseria species from free-toe samples, Lactobacillus species from breathable samples, and Streptococcus species isolated from both free-toe and non-breathable samples. Five fungal isolates were also found in the toe webs of the participants: Saccharomyces species and Aspergillus species from breathable samples, Candida species from non-breathable samples, and Malassezia species isolated from both free-toe and breathable samples. The results indicated that wearing shoes, especially non-breathable ones, could influence the skin microbiome in several ways. By understanding these microbial dynamics, public health guidelines and consumer choices could be better informed, potentially reducing the incidence of skin infections. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-11-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/837 10.53623/tebt.v3i2.837 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2025; 133-143 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/837/393 Copyright (c) 2025 Stephanie Ifunanya Nkamigbo, Ugochukwu Chukwuma Okafor, Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu Udemezue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/850 2025-12-28T02:20:29Z tebt:ART

Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands with Indigenous Umbrella Sedge for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Northern Vietnam Thanh, Nguyen Van Thuong Giang, Pham Anh, Bui Thi Kim Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thu Kim, Dang Dinh Constructed wetlands indigenous umbrella sedge domestic wastewater North Vietnam : Plants plays a crucial role in the treatment mechanisms of constructed wetlands (CW). In this study, the indigenous umbrella sedge (Cyperus alternifolius) was employed for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater in northern Vietnam, a region characterized by a tropical monsoon climate. The CW system was designed with a planting density of 105 plants/m² on a substrate composed of gravel, stones, and sand. The experiment was conducted over a period of 60 days, with a wastewater inflow of 100 L/day and sampling performed every three days. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of COD, TSS, NH₄⁺, TN, and TP were 67.0 ± 5.5%, 61.7 ± 6.0%, 66.6 ± 8.4%, 71.8 ± 5.8%, and 68.0 ± 10.3%, respectively. The effluent quality consistently met the Vietnamese standard QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT, Column B. These findings highlighted the potential of indigenous plant-based CW systems as an effective and sustainable approach for domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas of Vietnam. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-11-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/850 10.53623/tebt.v3i2.850 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 3 - Issue 2 - 2025; 123-132 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v3i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/850/387 Copyright (c) 2025 Nguyen Van Thanh, Pham Thuong Giang, Bui Thi Kim Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy, Dang Dinh Kim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/870 2026-03-05T04:34:58Z tebt:ART

Sustainable Concrete Production through Partial Cement Replacement Using Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash Tesfaye, Meron Puspitasari, Surya Dewi Setyandito, Oki Elamin, Ahmed Kamau, Wanjiku This study explores the utilization of fly ash and rice husk ash as supplementary cementitious materials to partially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete production. The increasing environmental impact of cement manufacturing, particularly its contribution to carbon dioxide emissions, has driven the search for alternative materials that promote sustainability without compromising performance. Fly ash and rice husk ash, both industrial and agricultural by-products, possess pozzolanic properties that enhance the mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete when properly incorporated. This paper reviews their chemical composition, particle morphology, and the effects of replacement levels on compressive strength, workability, and long-term durability. Additionally, the study discusses challenges such as variability in ash quality, optimal replacement percentages, and curing conditions that influence performance outcomes. By integrating these waste materials into concrete, significant environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, including reduced landfill disposal, conservation of natural resources, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The findings highlight the potential of fly ash and rice husk ash as sustainable cement substitutes, supporting the development of eco-friendly construction materials aligned with green building standards and circular economy principles. This research contributes to advancing sustainable practices in the construction industry and provides insights for future studies focused on optimizing mix design, performance enhancement, and large-scale application of alternative cementitious materials. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2026-01-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/870 10.53623/tebt.v4i1.870 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 4 - Issue 1 - 2026; 1-10 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v4i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/870/435 Copyright (c) 2026 Meron Tesfaye, Surya Dewi Puspitasari, Oki Setyandito, Ahmed Elamin, Wanjiku Kamau https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/991 2026-03-05T04:34:53Z tebt:ART

Comparison of Piggery Wastewater Treatment after the Biogas Process by Cyperus alternifolius and Ipomoea aquatica in a Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland System in Vietnam Nga, Bui Thi Van Rong, Chao Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands Cyperus alternifolius Ipomoea aquatica piggery wastewater Vietnam Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSF CWs) have been widely applied as an eco-friendly solution for treating livestock wastewater. This study compared the treatment performance of Cyperus alternifolius and Ipomoea aquatica planted in VSF CWs treating piggery wastewater after biogas digestion. Two laboratory-scale VSF CW systems (50 × 50 × 50 cm) with identical media configuration and operational conditions were operated in an intermittent mode with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days over 20 treatment cycles. The VSF CW planted with C. alternifolius consistently exhibited higher removal efficiencies for all monitored parameters compared with the system planted with I. aquatica (p < 0.05). The average removal efficiencies of the papyrus-based system reached 74.2 ± 3.1% for COD, 85.8 ± 3.4% for TSS, 70.9 ± 4.1% for TN, 75.1 ± 5.5% for NH₄⁺–N, and 64.7 ± 7.9% for TP, with most effluent concentrations complying with the Vietnamese discharge standard QCVN 62:2025/BTNMT (Column B). In contrast, the VSF CW planted with water spinach achieved lower treatment efficiencies, with average removal rates of 53.9 ± 2.6% for COD, 80.5 ± 5.6% for TSS, 54.6 ± 5.6% for TN, 57.0 ± 8.6% for NH₄⁺–N, and 44.5 ± 13.1% for TP, and did not consistently meet discharge limits for nitrogen and phosphorus. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2026-02-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/991 10.53623/tebt.v4i1.991 Tropical Environment, Biology, and Technology; Volume 4 - Issue 1 - 2026; 11−19 3009-0806 10.53623/tebt.v4i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/tebt/article/view/991/455 Copyright (c) 2026 Bui Thi Van Nga, Chao Rong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0