Industrial and Domestic Waste Management

Implementation of Environmentally Based Citizenship Education in Increasing Waste Management Awareness in Students

Bherrio Dwi Saputra — 2026-04-08

Waste management was a growing environmental challenge that required the development of public awareness from an early age. Schools played a strategic role in fostering such awareness through the learning process, including Civics Education (PKn), which integrated environmental values. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of environment-based civics education in increasing students’ waste management awareness. A systematic literature review was employed by examining relevant scientific articles on civics education, ecological citizenship, environmental education, and waste management published between 2015 and 2025. Data were collected from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Garuda, and were analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key concepts, learning approaches, and major findings. The review indicated that environment-based civics education improved students’ waste management awareness by strengthening social responsibility, promoting ecological citizenship, and encouraging practice-based learning such as 5R-based activities (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Replace, and Replant). However, its implementation remained constrained by limited curriculum integration, insufficient school facilities, and inadequate teacher competence in integrating environmental values into learning. Therefore, strengthening the integration of environmental education into civics education was essential to develop students’ ecological awareness more effectively.

Occurrence, Risks, and Treatment of Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Malaysia’s Aquatic Systems

Edita Ayoka Kiranparahita — 2026-01-20

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and adverse effects on both human health and aquatic life. In Malaysia, particularly in the state of Selangor, the rapid growth in population and healthcare demand has led to rising pharmaceutical consumption and subsequent contamination of surface water, tap water, and drinking water sources. Recent studies have detected compounds such as diclofenac, triclosan, ciprofloxacin, caffeine, and sulfamethoxazole in local water bodies, with concentrations often exceeding those reported in developed countries such as Australia and Taiwan. This trend highlights the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in removing pharmaceutical residues. The persistence of these contaminants poses potential health risks, including antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, and long-term toxicity to aquatic organisms and humans. Current treatment technologies in Malaysia, including adsorption, bioremediation, and activated sludge systems, have shown partial removal efficiency but remain inadequate for complete elimination of PPCPs. To address this limitation, emerging research recommends integrating hybrid treatment systems that combine biological and physicochemical processes to enhance contaminant removal efficiency. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutical contaminants in Selangor’s aquatic system, evaluate their potential risks, and discuss the limitations of existing wastewater treatment technologies while proposing sustainable alternatives for improved water quality management. Overall, the findings emphasize the urgent need for policy revision, technological innovation, and stricter monitoring to safeguard public health and environmental integrity in Malaysia.

A Systematic Literature Review on the Role of Local Government in Cross-Sectoral Waste Management Integration in Jakarta, Indonesia

Rajanner Pangihutan Simarmata — 2026-04-20

This article presented a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the role of local government in the cross-sectoral integration of waste management in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Waste management in Jakarta evolved into a complex governance issue involving public services, environmental health, spatial planning, and aquatic pollution control. This study synthesized scientific publications and policy documents published over the previous ten years using a structured review approach. The findings revealed that local governments performed four main roles: regulatory, coordinative, service delivery, and supervisory/accountability. However, policy implementation remained predominantly oriented toward downstream treatment rather than source reduction. Key policy instruments identified included plastic restriction regulations, extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes, community-based initiatives such as waste banks, and the development of waste processing infrastructure, including refuse-derived fuel (RDF) facilities. Major constraints included limited institutional capacity, weak inter-agency coordination, inconsistent enforcement, and low public compliance. The review highlighted that strengthening cross-sectoral integration required a strategic shift toward measurable source reduction, optimization of economic instruments and EPR mechanisms, integration of land-based waste management with marine litter prevention, and the development of data-driven monitoring systems to support sustainable metropolitan governance.

Occupational Health and Safety Risk Analysis Using Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control Method at Final Waste Disposal Site Suwung, Bali

Ida Bagus Made Baskara Andika — 2026-04-12

The Suwung Final Waste Processing Site, the largest landfill in Bali, faced major challenges, including overcapacity of waste piles, high fire risks due to methane gas accumulation, and the lack of a structured Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) system. These conditions posed significant hazards that directly affected the safety and health of workers. This study aimed to identify hazards, assess risk levels, and recommend appropriate risk control measures for operational activities at TPA Suwung. This research was conducted at TPA Suwung from March to April 2025, involving 18 workers as respondents. The study focused on four key operational activities: waste truck mobilization, waste reception, landfill structuring, and heavy equipment maintenance. The analysis was carried out using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method to systematically evaluate and manage occupational risks. A total of 30 potential hazards were identified, classified into five categories: physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic. The risk assessment indicated that 3.33% of the risks were low, 36.67% medium, 56.67% high, and 3.33% extreme. The recommended control measures included one elimination, two substitutions, eight engineering controls, twelve administrative controls, and five uses of personal protective equipment (PPE). The findings indicated a high proportion of hazards with significant risk levels, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive risk mitigation. Effective implementation of the recommended control measures was expected to improve occupational safety and health at TPA Suwung. Strengthening OHS management systems and conducting regular monitoring were crucial to sustaining a safe and healthy work environment.

Circular Economy Implementation in Community-Based Plastic Waste Management: A Case Study of Waste Bank Amal Haqiqi Garut, Indonesia

Nurfitriyani Purnamasari — 2026-02-19

Waste banks represented a pivotal form of community-based waste management with the potential to operationalize circular economy principles by integrating social, environmental, economic, and technical dimensions. However, empirical verification through systematic performance measurement was essential to validate their effectiveness. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of a circular economy system in plastic waste management at Bank Sampah Amal Haqiqi, located in Bayongbong, Garut. The research first utilized Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to quantify the flow and transformation of plastic waste. Subsequently, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to evaluate management performance based on 11 stakeholder perspectives across four criteria: social, environmental, economic, and technical aspects. The AHP results were validated using a Consistency Ratio (CR) of ≤ 0.10. The MFA revealed a plastic waste recycling rate of 76%, with a residue rate of 3.7%. The AHP weighting identified the social criterion as the highest priority (0.33), followed by the technical criterion (0.30). These findings highlighted that management success was predominantly driven by human factors and operational infrastructure. The implementation of a circular economy at Bank Sampah Amal Haqiqi was significant but remained highly dependent on community engagement and technical support. To ensure sustainability, management strategies should have prioritized strengthening social participation and upgrading technical facilities to further reduce residue levels.

Integrated Household Waste Management Strategies in an Urban Community: A Case Study of Rawasari, Central Jakarta, Indonesia

Miranda Hetu Marsella — 2026-04-23

Waste management in densely populated urban areas is a systemic challenge, particularly in aligning community-level waste sorting processes with the capacity and capabilities of regional processing facilities. This study aimed to analyze an integrated waste management strategy at the household level, focusing on RW 01, Rawasari Village. This research employed a mixed-method approach, using material flow analysis to quantify waste generation and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis to formulate waste management strategies. The results indicated that the average daily waste generation reached 0.432 kg/person/day, with a composition consisting of residual, organic, and inorganic waste. To optimize system integration, a strengthening strategy was formulated that included increasing sorting participation through multi-stakeholder collaboration, developing clear and easily understood communication, establishing incentive systems, enhancing training and early socialization, utilizing the potential of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) technology to significantly reduce residual waste, and engaging stakeholders or companies to support community waste management programs. This integration strategy synergized waste management from the household scale to the regional level, contributing to the development of a circular and sustainable urban waste management system.

Enhancing Circular Waste Management Behavior Through Adaptive Capacity With Structural Equation Modeling Framework in Bali, Indonesia

I Wayan Koko Suryawan — 2026-03-07

This research examined the intricacies of circular waste management behaviors in Bali, Indonesia, using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework focused on adaptive capacity. Adaptive capacity was defined through five key dimensions: assets, flexibility, organization, learning, and agency. These elements were critical in shaping the intentions and behaviors associated with sustainable waste management practices. The study systematically explored how these interconnected dimensions of adaptive capacity either facilitated or impeded the adoption of practices aligned with the principles of the circular economy. The SEM approach was employed to map and validate the relationships between the dimensions of adaptive capacity and their impact on waste management behaviors. This analytical method provided a robust framework for understanding the complex dynamics at play, highlighting how different facets of adaptive capacity interacted to influence sustainable practices. Key findings underscored the critical role of individual empowerment, the effectiveness of organizational structures, and the impact of educational initiatives in driving sustainable waste management behaviors. These insights suggested that enhancing individual agency, optimizing organizational protocols, and expanding learning opportunities were pivotal in fostering more sustainable waste management practices.

Integrating Lean Manufacturing and Facility Layout Optimization to Reduce Transportation Waste in Tempeh Production

Tiaradia Ihsan — 2026-04-20

This study aimed to reduce transportation waste in tempeh production by integrating Lean Manufacturing tools with facility layout optimization and to evaluate the resulting operational and economic improvements. The study employed a descriptive quantitative case study conducted at a traditional tempeh production facility in Bandung, Indonesia. Waste identification was carried out using the Seven Waste framework and was prioritized using the Borda Count method. Lean tool selection was guided by the Value Stream Analysis Tool (VALSAT). Process analysis was conducted using Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Process Activity Mapping (PAM), and Root Cause Analysis (RCA). Facility layout optimization was performed using the Systematic Layout Planning framework, supported by Activity Relationship Charts and the Blocplan algorithm. Improvement effectiveness was evaluated using Future Process Activity Mapping (FPAM), Future Value Stream Mapping (FVSM), and Operator Material Handling (OMH) cost analysis. The results showed that transportation waste was the dominant inefficiency in the production system. The layout redesign reduced transportation time by approximately 57% and total material handling distance by 19%, while value-added processing time remained unchanged. These improvements generated measurable cost savings based on the OMH metric.

Management of Urban Air Quality: Evaluating the Sequestration Potential of Green Infrastructure Against Domestic Transportation Emissions

Muhammad Mahfuzh Huda — 2026-04-26

Rapid urbanization escalated domestic vehicular CO₂ emissions, necessitating the optimization of urban green open spaces (GOS) as engineered biological sinks. However, urban planning practices frequently prioritized spatial area over species-specific sequestration capacity, leading to potential spatial inefficiencies. This study evaluated the efficacy of four GOS in Tanjung Redeb, Indonesia, by overlaying localized vehicular emission loads—calculated using the Vehicle Kilometer Traveled (VKT) model—with the biological sequestration capacities of the parks, quantified through species-specific allometric equations. The results indicated that all evaluated parks operated at a net positive carbon surplus, with absorption ratios ranging from 1,474.8% to 117,668.6%. Crucially, the empirical data exposed a severe source–sink decoupling. The primary emission hotspot, Taman Bukit Maritam (1,032.33 kg CO₂/year), relied on moderately performing vegetation, yielding the lowest relative surplus. Conversely, the highest sequestration capacity (37,010.96 kg CO₂/year) was located in Taman Sanggam, a low-stress corridor (92.33 kg CO₂/year), driven by the aggressive structural biomass of the hyper-accumulator Samanea saman. The analysis demonstrated that biological filtration performance was strictly dictated by species taxonomy and allometric structure, rather than stand age or total park area. The study concluded that mitigating urban vehicular emissions required a paradigm shift from passive aesthetic landscaping to active, data-driven biological engineering, deploying high-capacity hyper-accumulators strategically along high-emission transportation corridors.

Wastewater Management Strategies for Reducing Drought Vulnerability and Enhancing Women’s Local Wisdom: A Case Study of Kebonharjo Village, Indonesia

Yuniarta Vuspita — 2026-04-08

Prolonged drought has become a recurrent hydrometeorological disaster that significantly affects rural communities in Indonesia, particularly in areas with limited water infrastructure. In 2023, the Special Region of Yogyakarta experienced widespread drought, with severe impacts in Kulon Progo Regency, especially in Samigaluh Subdistrict. Kebonharjo Village, located in the Menoreh Hills, has faced persistent clean water shortages due to climate variability, environmental degradation, and increasing water demand. These conditions have intensified social vulnerability, especially among women, who are primarily responsible for household water management and water-dependent livelihood activities. This study aims to examine women’s multidimensional vulnerability to drought, analyze wastewater management as a form of local wisdom-based adaptation, and identify policy implications for gender-responsive disaster risk reduction. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participatory observation, and document analysis from January to March 2025. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The findings reveal that women experience physical vulnerability due to long distances to water sources, economic vulnerability resulting from declining agricultural income and increasing household expenditures, and structural vulnerability linked to limited participation in village-level decision-making. At the same time, women demonstrate strong adaptive capacity through wastewater reuse, rotational water collection, and ecological knowledge of seasonal indicators. The novelty of this study lies in positioning wastewater management as a gendered adaptation strategy rooted in women’s local wisdom rather than merely a domestic coping practice. The study concludes that integrating women’s local knowledge into village-level drought governance and strengthening their participation in decision-making are essential for building community resilience and advancing gender-equitable disaster risk reduction.

Identification of Microplastics in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed and Waste Management Analysis in Garut Regency, Indonesia

Afiefah Salsabila — 2026-01-20

The Cimanuk River was a vital component supporting water resources in West Java. However, further downstream, the water quality decreased due to industrial and household waste disposal. Plastic pollution was a serious issue because plastics in water degraded into microplastics, which were harmful to both ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to assess the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed and to explore how waste management was implemented in Garut Regency. The water sampling method for microplastic analysis used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The waste management analysis was a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. Microplastics were found in the waters of the Upper Cimanuk Watershed, with the highest abundance recorded at Station 8 (2.14 particles/liter) and the lowest at Station 1 (0.62 particles/liter). The microplastics identified were dominated by fragments (52%), black-colored particles (47%), and sizes smaller than 1 mm or small microplastics (97%). These findings reflected a high level of microplastic pollution related to human activities around the river. Waste management in Garut Regency had not met its targets, leading to plastic accumulation that could form microplastics. Improvements in facilities, community participation, and policies were needed to control pollution and protect the environment. The results of this study provided baseline data that could inform stakeholders in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed for effective watershed management planning.