Green Intelligent Systems and Applications

Design of A Braille Printer Based on ESP32 Microcontroller with Voice Input

Maria Beatrix, Wahidin Wahab, Meirista Wulandari — Wed, 26 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Braille is a tactile phonetic alphabet system invented by Louis Braille, a blind teacher from France, in the 1800s. The Braille system was recognized as "a vital language of communication, as valid as all other languages in the world" in 2005. There are other alternatives, such as touch-based methods, to convey information that is generally obtained through sight. One of them is the use of Braille letters for reading, writing, and improving welfare by increasing insight. However, only 52 special schools in Indonesia have printers for Braille books. Limited access to Braille printing facilities in Indonesia is due to high costs. The cost of a printer machine, approximately 50 million per school, poses a challenge in providing learning facilities. This research proposes a compact and cost-effective Braille printer using an ESP32 microcontroller with both speech and mechanical switch inputs. The mechanical switch is used for typing text to be printed, while the microphone captures sound input in the form of audio, as it is easier to use. Audio input is processed using speech-to-text technology. The speech-to-text process is carried out with speech recognition, which listens to the words spoken by the user and matches them with the data in the module to execute specific commands. This Braille printer is designed to print Braille letters based on data received directly from individuals with and without disabilities. The printer accepts input in the form of speech or text, which is then sent to the processing module, the ESP32 microcontroller. Once all data is processed, the Braille printer module controls axis movements using a stepper motor. Braille prints are embossed to create raised dots on paper. Experimental results demonstrate 100% accuracy for both speech and typing inputs, along with reliable printing performance on standard HVS paper. Compared to previous solutions, the proposed design is more versatile, affordable, and portable. This study presents a practical solution for increasing access to Braille education and information.

Harnessing Smart Farming: Key Determinants of Automated Mini Greenhouse Adoption and Use in the Philippines

Eugenia R. Zhuo — Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigated the determinants of adopting and sustaining the utilization of automated mini-greenhouses in the Philippines, a nation particularly vulnerable to climate change. Using an integrated theoretical framework combining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), and Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this research employed a quantitative approach to assess key constructs, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, trust, habit, and technology readiness. Data were collected through structured surveys administered to smallholder farmers, and the results were analyzed using Python-based statistical tools. The findings indicated that performance expectancy and social influence were significant predictors of technology adoption, while habit and facilitating conditions strongly influenced continued use. Trust and resource accessibility, derived from DOI and ANT, also emerged as critical factors in sustained utilization. These results contributed to understanding smart farming adoption in the context of climate resilience and sustainable agriculture. Future research should explore broader applications of such technologies and further examine their long-term sustainability.

Spam and Phishing Whatsapp Message Filtering Application Using TF - IDF and Machine Learning Methods

Ferdinand Aprillian Manurung, Munawir, Deden Pradeka — Sat, 18 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid development of communication technology has led to an increase in the number of unwanted messages, such as spam and phishing attempts. However, this progress has not been accompanied by sufficient user awareness of the basics of technology use. Additionally, the enforcement of laws regarding internet-based crimes remains unclear, further increasing the risk for users of internet technology to fall victim to such crimes. As one of the media prone to spam and phishing, WhatsApp is the focus of this research, which aims to develop an application capable of filtering spam and phishing messages. The application employs the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) method and machine learning using the Random Forest model. It is developed using the MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) architecture, enabling the separation of business logic from the user interface, thereby improving development and maintenance efficiency. The research findings demonstrate that the combination of TF-IDF and Random Forest achieves high accuracy in classifying spam and phishing messages. Performance evaluation using a confusion matrix reveals an accuracy rate of 92%. For the safe message class, the precision, recall, and F1 scores are 89%, 95%, and 92%, respectively, while for the dangerous message class, the scores are 95%, 88%, and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the integration of the model and application performed exceptionally well, as evidenced by black-box testing results. All test scenarios were met, successfully detecting test messages with 98% accuracy. Therefore, the developed application provides enhanced protection for WhatsApp users against digital threats.