2026-05-13T20:54:08Z https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/oai

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/512 2025-10-07T00:19:39Z erph:ART

Overview of Swimming Pool Sanitation Conditions in Cimahi City Public Swimming Pools in 2024 Sunandar, Gilang Tri Rizki Al Kahar Iqbal, Muhamad Saputra, Agus Somad This study evaluates the sanitation conditions, disinfection practices, and presence of E. coli in Swimming Pool, Cimahi City. Using a descriptive survey method, we assessed water quality and staff behavior. The sample in this study was one of the swimming pools with the most users, which is around 48 people/pool /day.  The data analysis of this study is a descriptive with observation and measurement methods which aims to describe and explain the sanitary conditions of swimming pools, the behavior of swimming pool staff regarding disinfection, and Escherichia coli bacteria. Results showed unqualified free chlorine levels (0 mg/l) and high E. coli counts (6–75 CFU/100 ml). Sanitation practices were rated as unhealthy (72.2%), and staff performance in disinfection was very poor. These findings indicate a need for immediate improvements in pool sanitation to protect public health. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/512 10.53623/erph.v1i1.512 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2025; 1-7 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/512/288 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/517 2025-10-07T00:19:39Z erph:ART

Determinants of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Inmates in Class IIA Penitentiary in Jambi City Damanik, Anggi Syahdia Fitri, Adelina Hidayati, Fajrina Nasution, Helmi Suryani Wisudariani, Evy Riyandani, Edo Prison Period, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Smoking Habit Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB can be fatal for those affected. This study aimed to determine the relationship between comorbidities, contact history, nutritional status, smoking habits, and prison time with pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates. A case-control research design was used, with purposive sampling of 82 inmates from the Class IIA penitentiary in Jambi City in 2024. Data collection took place from January to July 2024. The research variables included age, comorbidities, contact history, nutritional status, smoking habits, and prison time, assessed through interviews, BMI measurement, and tuberculosis diagnosis. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 94.1% of participants were aged 15–64, 91.8% had no comorbidities, 56.5% had a history of contact, 55.3% had a normal BMI (<18.5), 70.5% were smokers, and 83.5% had been incarcerated for more than three months. There was no significant association between pulmonary TB and comorbidities (OR 3.16, 95% CI 0.32–31.7). However, significant relationships were found with contact history (OR 39.27, 95% CI 9.93–155.25), nutritional status (OR 45.04, 95% CI 11.23–180.58), and smoking habits (OR 7.24, 95% CI 2.18–24.08). No significant relationship was observed between pulmonary TB and prison time (OR 3.07, 95% CI 0.75–12.53). Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/517 10.53623/erph.v1i1.517 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2025; 18-25 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/517/290 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/520 2025-10-07T00:19:39Z erph:ART

Evaluation of the Sanitation Clinic Program on Environment-Based Diseases Between Tanjung Pinang Health Center and Paal V Health Center in Jambi City Nabila, Auffa Mekarisce, Arnild Augina Hidayati, Fajrina Fitri, Adelina Rahmat, Andree Aulia Abdeljawad, Nour Arroyo, Carey Louise Sanitation Clinics; Diseases; Health Center Public Health Centers with a high incidence of environment-based diseases showed that the percentage of sanitation clinic program implementation was lower compared to those with a low incidence of environment-based diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of sanitation clinic activities at the Tanjung Pinang Public Health Center and the Paal V Public Health Center in Jambi City in 2024. This study employed a qualitative method conducted from May to June 2024. Data were obtained from 11 informants selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The sanitation personnel at both Public Health Centers had not received sanitation clinic training. There was no budget allocated for sanitation clinic activities at either health center. The facilities at Paal V were less complete than those at Tanjung Pinang. The method used at Tanjung Pinang followed the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 13 of 2015, while Paal V referred to the Ministry of Health guidelines from 2001. Both health centers had planning activities. Tanjung Pinang implemented counseling, environmental inspections, and environmental interventions, while Paal V only provided counseling. The output for counseling, environmental inspections, and environmental interventions was higher at Tanjung Pinang compared to Paal V. Tanjung Pinang is expected to remain consistent in implementing the sanitation clinic program. Paal V is encouraged to improve its counseling, environmental inspections, and environmental interventions. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/520 10.53623/erph.v1i1.520 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2025; 26-39 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/520/291 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/539 2025-10-07T00:19:39Z erph:ART

Occupational Health Risk Management in Tablet Manufacturing: A Case Study of Non-Beta Lactam and Penicillin Production Units Kurnianto, Arie Arizandi Syamsu, Reski Phiri, Peter Thokozani Rangga, Josfirin Uding Background: In the pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing industry, health risks involve high occupational health risks, especially in handling active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This research addresses the challenge that effective risk management is essential to safeguard worker health, particularly in the production of critical products such as Non-Beta Lactams (NBL) and Penicillin. Objective: evaluating and investigating occupational health risks in the NBL and Penicillin production units, identifying key risk factors and proposing strategies to reduce exposure. Methods: This study used an observational cross-sectional design was used, focusing on environmental conditions, particulate concentrations, and compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE). The framework based on the concept of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) assessed the level of risk across all stages of production, including weighing, mixing, granulation, and coating. Findings: Unit NBL indicated higher particulate levels (140 µg/m³) compared to unit Penicillin (100 µg/m³), especially during high exposure stages such as granulation, exceeding the WHO guideline (PM2.5 exposure is 25 µg/m³ for a 24-hour period) . The compliance with PPE was found to be lower in the NBL unit, which correlated with an increased incident rate. The risk assessment identified weighing and granulation as high-risk stages, requiring stricter controls. Conclusions: Reducing occupational health risks in the NBL and Penicillin units urgently requires improved engineering controls, PPE protocols and worker training. Model limitations highlight the need for enhanced risk assessment tools to improve safety outcomes.   Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/539 10.53623/erph.v1i1.539 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2025; 8-17 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/539/289 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/561 2025-10-07T00:19:39Z erph:REV

Literature Review: Overview of Health Literacy in Society Alayyannur, Putri Ayuni Eviyanti Puspita Sari, Rr. Sri Rejeki Al Hakim, M. Malik Health literacy is one of the determinants of health that can help develop public health. It is an important component in empowering individuals regarding their health. Someone with low health literacy has limited information about their health condition and does not understand how to maintain it. The aim of this review was to explore health literacy in society and the factors that influence it. A literature search was conducted in March 2021. Research sources were taken from several databases, namely ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and PubMed. The ScienceDirect database contained 69,360 articles, ProQuest 130,006, and PubMed 17,038. From all databases, only 45 articles met the inclusion criteria. The variables in this study were the domains of health literacy and the factors that influence it. This literature review showed that the domains "feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers" and "understanding health information well enough to know what to do" had the highest scores, while the domains "appraisal of health information" and "navigating the healthcare system" had the lowest scores. Factors that affected health literacy included age, gender, education, income, language, health status, and marital status. The highest scores for health literacy were in domains 1 and 9, while the lowest scores were in domains 5 and 7. Education was the most influential factor across all domains of health literacy. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/561 10.53623/erph.v1i1.561 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2025; 40-57 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/561/294 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/563 2025-11-05T06:19:57Z erph:ART

High School Students’ Awareness of Environmental Issues in Indonesia: A Mini Review Auliayanti, Keisya Weni, Eko Zainiyah, Isti Faizati Biney, Michael Shrotriya, Shivi Student awareness environmental issue environmental awareness There were several environmental challenges in urban areas, especially related to solid waste management. Learning and community engagement in schools were crucial to promoting sustainability and environmental awareness. A mini-review was conducted to explore the potential of student-led efforts to divert organic waste, specifically fallen dry leaves. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), we examined how environmental awareness impacted pro-environmental behavior. Students contributed to sustainable waste management by becoming aware of environmental issues and taking action. Educating students about environmental issues played a crucial role in cultivating environmental awareness. By integrating environmental concepts into the curriculum and organizing extracurricular activities, schools prepared students to address environmental challenges. Even after specific programs such as Adiwiyata were concluded, challenges remained in sustaining environmental initiatives. Schools needed to prioritize environmental education, engage students in active participation, and create an environment that fostered a sustainable culture to ensure long-term impact. Schools made a real difference to the environment by managing organic waste and promoting environmental awareness. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/563 10.53623/erph.v1i2.563 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2025; 58-64 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/563/334 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/658 2025-11-05T06:19:57Z erph:ART

Surface Water Quality: A Case Study of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia Puspa, Fadilla Azzahrani Inora Rahma, Ira Shavina Aquatic Ecosysistem Physicochemical Surface Water This study evaluated the surface water quality at two lakes on the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) campus in Surabaya, Indonesia from October to December 2024. Water samples from ITS Lake Eight (SS1) and the ITS Student Dormitory Lake (SS2) were analyzed for eight parameters: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids TDS, pH, temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and turbidity. The results showed that COD, BOD, DO, and turbidity exceeded national quality standards at both locations, while TDS and pH remained within acceptable limits. SS2 exhibited poorer water quality than SS1 due to its proximity to dormitory drainage and domestic waste pollution. Seasonal variations significantly affected water quality, with BOD and COD increasing during the dry season and DO, TDS, and turbidity rising during the rainy season. The main pollution sources were organic matter decomposition and anthropogenic activities, leading to eutrophication and algal growth. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-11-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/658 10.53623/erph.v1i2.658 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2025; 85-93 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/658/384 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/663 2025-11-05T06:19:57Z erph:ART

Health Worker Performance and Prevalence of Diarrhoea: A Cross-Sectional Study Sudirman, Sudirman Saiful Ambodale Mutmainah, Mutmainah Purnamasari, Niluh Desy Susianawati, Desak Eka Arni, Fitri Diarrhea Performance Health programs Health workers Diarrhea has been one of the major health issues, particularly among children, and the performance of healthcare workers in implementing effective diarrhea programs has been crucial for its prevention and treatment. The success of diarrhea control may be influenced by the performance of healthcare workers; however, implementation has remained suboptimal in some areas, including the Marawola Community Health Center, which has experienced fluctuating diarrhea incidence rates. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of healthcare workers' performance in implementing diarrhea programs on the prevalence of diarrhea cases among children. This study employed quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted in the service area of the Marawola Health Center in 2024. The study sample consisted of 77 respondents selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires, and analysis was performed using logistic regression. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that the performance of healthcare workers in implementing the diarrhea program significantly affected the incidence of diarrhea in children (p = 0.017), although the constant value was not statistically significant (p = 0.163). This suggests that other factors need to be considered in addition to healthcare worker performance when optimizing the diarrhea program for children. In conclusion, the performance of healthcare workers needs to be improved in the implementation of diarrhea programs for children. Strategies such as training, supervision, the use of technology, and community involvement can be implemented. Further research is needed to explore other factors influencing the effectiveness of these programs. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-07-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/663 10.53623/erph.v1i2.663 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2025; 65-71 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/663/341 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/734 2025-11-05T06:19:57Z erph:ART

Fire Safety Awareness and Practices in a Longhouse: A Study in Sarawak, Malaysia Rangga, Josfirin Uding Ujan, Nancy Tan, Rona Bang Apoi, Wilson Lio Sabani, Noraisikin Fire Safety Longhouse Knowledge Practice Awareness Longhouses in Sarawak were deeply rooted in Indigenous culture but faced significant fire risks due to their wooden structures, open-flame cooking, and poor electrical installations. This study aimed to explore fire safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among a longhouse community in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 46 respondents using a 25-item questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.76), and data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that 61% (M = 21.39, SD = ±5.43) of respondents had good fire safety knowledge, 87% (M = 27.74, SD = ±4.77) demonstrated a positive attitude, and 63% (M = 14.72, SD = ±2.56) engaged in good fire safety practices. However, correlation analysis showed no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between knowledge and attitude (r = -0.05), knowledge and practice (r = 0.27), or attitude and practice (r = 0.11), suggesting that knowledge alone did not ensure behavioral change. Factors such as lack of training and risk perception might have influenced fire safety practices. These findings highlighted the need for targeted fire safety interventions, including hands-on training, community engagement, and improved access to fire prevention tools, and emphasized that strengthening fire safety education and policy enforcement was essential to reduce fire incidents in longhouse communities. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-09-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/734 10.53623/erph.v1i2.734 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2025; 72-84 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/734/368 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/768 2025-11-05T06:19:57Z erph:REV

Systematic Review of Microplastic Characterization Methods and Associated Toxicological Outcomes in Fish Garin, Christian Henrich A. Vibrational spectroscopy Micrometer Toxic Pollution Marine Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as significant aquatic pollutants, yet standardized protocols for their detection and biological impact assessment remain limited. This study systematically evaluated current analytical methods used for microplastic identification and synthesized existing evidence on their reported health effects in fish. Following the PRISMA framework, a comprehensive literature search identified eight eligible studies encompassing both laboratory and field investigations. Results indicated that Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were the most frequently employed analytical techniques. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated greater sensitivity for MPs smaller than 20 μm, whereas FTIR provided reliable identification of larger particles. Stereomicroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were also utilized, although they offered limited chemical specificity. The reviewed studies revealed species- and condition-dependent toxicological outcomes. Smaller MPs induced more pronounced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and genotoxicity, particularly in liver and muscle tissues, with perch appearing more sensitive than zebrafish. Additionally, polymer type, particle size, exposure duration, exposure route, and concentration were key determinants of toxicity. Overall, polystyrene and polypropylene were consistently linked to stronger biochemical disruptions, whereas polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) exhibited site-specific effects in wild-caught fish. These findings underscore the need for multi-analytical approaches and integrated biomarker assays to improve MP detection and ecological risk assessment in aquatic organisms. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2025-11-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/768 10.53623/erph.v1i2.768 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 1 - Issue 2 - 2025; 94–107 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v1i2 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/768/385 Copyright (c) 2025 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/988 2026-03-08T05:28:23Z erph:ART

Drivers of Urban Growth: Cellular Automata–Markov–Analytic Hierarchy Process Modeling of Land Use Change in Amman City, Jordan Abdeljawad, Nour Awajan, Ahmad Adedokun, Victor Urban Growth; Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Simulation; CA–Markov Model; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); Amman, Jordan Over the past two decades, rapid urban growth significantly altered land-use patterns in Amman, raising critical concerns regarding sustainability and food security. This study utilized an integrated Cellular Automata–Markov (CA–Markov) model, in combination with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), to simulate land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes and project future scenarios for 2031 and 2040. The CA–Markov model quantified temporal land-use transitions and simulated spatial growth patterns, while AHP served as a multi-criteria decision-making tool to determine the relative influence of key driving factors on urban growth. Landsat imagery from 2004, 2013, and 2022 was classified into three main categories: built-up areas, agricultural land, and barren land. The simulation framework incorporated key driving factors, including GDP per capita, population density, road accessibility, elevation, and slope. Model validation against actual 2022 LULC data yielded a high accuracy of 91.4% and a Kappa index of 0.89, demonstrating the reliability of the predictive framework. The results projected that built-up areas would increase from 257.35 km² (32.3%) in 2022 to 309.18 km² (38.9%) in 2031 and 349.17 km² (43.9%) by 2040, accompanied by a consistent decline in both agricultural and barren lands. Spatial analysis revealed that districts with higher population density, intense economic activity, and superior road accessibility were particularly susceptible to rapid urbanization. These findings highlighted the urgent need for proactive urban planning policies to protect agricultural land and manage growing infrastructure demands. While the CA–Markov model effectively replicated historical patterns, its reliance on past trends limited its capacity to anticipate sudden policy shifts or environmental shocks. Future research should prioritize integrating higher-resolution datasets, such as QuickBird imagery and detailed cadastral or infrastructure data, to improve the spatial accuracy of LULC simulations. In addition, the development of policy-driven and scenario-based models should incorporate urban growth boundaries, agricultural land protection policies, and transportation expansion plans. This would enable more realistic forecasting of land-use dynamics and provide stronger decision-support tools for resilient and sustainable urban development. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2026-03-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/988 10.53623/erph.v2i1.988 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2026; 1−21 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/988/471 Copyright (c) 2026 Environmental Research and Planetary Health

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/1138 2026-05-04T01:47:05Z erph:REV

Occupational Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials: Pathways, Risk Assessment and Regulations Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel Occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has emerged as a critical concern due to their unique physicochemical properties, which influence their behavior, bioavailability, and toxicity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on occupational exposure pathways, risk assessment strategies, regulatory frameworks, and key challenges associated with ENMs. Occupational exposure occurs predominantly during manufacturing and handling processes, with inhalation identified as the primary route, although dermal and incidental ingestion pathways are also relevant. Exposure characterization remains limited, particularly across the full lifecycle of nano-enabled products, as transformation processes such as dissolution, aggregation, and surface modification can alter exposure profiles. Advances in risk assessment have led to the development of control banding tools, Bayesian networks, weight-of-evidence frameworks, and computational models such as nano-quantitative structure–activity relationship (nano-QSAR) models. Grouping and read-across strategies have also been proposed to address data gaps and reduce testing requirements. However, these approaches remain constrained by insufficient standardized data, variability in dose metrics, and limited regulatory acceptance. Existing lifecycle–based decision support systems offer promising integrated frameworks but remain dependent on data availability and methodological harmonization. This review integrates occupational exposure pathways, emerging risk assessment methodologies, and regulatory developments into a unified lifecycle-oriented perspective. It further offers a critical perspective on how predictive modeling, grouping strategies, and safe-by-design concepts can collectively support preventive rather than reactive nanosafety governance. Despite regulatory progress in the European Union, the United States, and the Asia-Pacific regions, inconsistencies in definitions, data requirements, and nanospecific provisions continue to hinder global harmonization and effective risk management of ENMs. Tecno Scientifica Publishing 2026-05-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/1138 10.53623/erph.v2i1.1138 Environmental Research and Planetary Health; Volume 2 - Issue 1 - 2026; 22−50 3090-1219 10.53623/erph.v2i1 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/erph/article/view/1138/525 Copyright (c) 2026 Environmental Research and Planetary Health