Environmental Research and Planetary Health

Determinants of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Inmates in Class IIA Penitentiary in Jambi City

Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB can be fatal for those affected. This study aimed to determine the relationship between comorbidities, contact history, nutritional status, smoking habits, and prison time with pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates. A case-control research design was used, with purposive sampling of 82 inmates from the Class IIA penitentiary in Jambi City in 2024. Data collection took place from January to July 2024. The research variables included age, comorbidities, contact history, nutritional status, smoking habits, and prison time, assessed through interviews, BMI measurement, and tuberculosis diagnosis. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 94.1% of participants were aged 15–64, 91.8% had no comorbidities, 56.5% had a history of contact, 55.3% had a normal BMI (<18.5), 70.5% were smokers, and 83.5% had been incarcerated for more than three months. There was no significant association between pulmonary TB and comorbidities (OR 3.16, 95% CI 0.32–31.7). However, significant relationships were found with contact history (OR 39.27, 95% CI 9.93–155.25), nutritional status (OR 45.04, 95% CI 11.23–180.58), and smoking habits (OR 7.24, 95% CI 2.18–24.08). No significant relationship was observed between pulmonary TB and prison time (OR 3.07, 95% CI 0.75–12.53).

Evaluation of the Sanitation Clinic Program on Environment-Based Diseases Between Tanjung Pinang Health Center and Paal V Health Center in Jambi City

Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Public Health Centers with a high incidence of environment-based diseases showed that the percentage of sanitation clinic program implementation was lower compared to those with a low incidence of environment-based diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of sanitation clinic activities at the Tanjung Pinang Public Health Center and the Paal V Public Health Center in Jambi City in 2024. This study employed a qualitative method conducted from May to June 2024. Data were obtained from 11 informants selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The sanitation personnel at both Public Health Centers had not received sanitation clinic training. There was no budget allocated for sanitation clinic activities at either health center. The facilities at Paal V were less complete than those at Tanjung Pinang. The method used at Tanjung Pinang followed the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 13 of 2015, while Paal V referred to the Ministry of Health guidelines from 2001. Both health centers had planning activities. Tanjung Pinang implemented counseling, environmental inspections, and environmental interventions, while Paal V only provided counseling. The output for counseling, environmental inspections, and environmental interventions was higher at Tanjung Pinang compared to Paal V. Tanjung Pinang is expected to remain consistent in implementing the sanitation clinic program. Paal V is encouraged to improve its counseling, environmental inspections, and environmental interventions.

Overview of Swimming Pool Sanitation Conditions in Cimahi City Public Swimming Pools in 2024

Gilang Tri Rizki Al Sunandar, Kahar, Muhamad Iqbal, Agus Somad Saputra — Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the sanitation conditions, disinfection practices, and presence of E. coli in Swimming Pool, Cimahi City. Using a descriptive survey method, we assessed water quality and staff behavior. The sample in this study was one of the swimming pools with the most users, which is around 48 people/pool /day. The data analysis of this study is a descriptive with observation and measurement methods which aims to describe and explain the sanitary conditions of swimming pools, the behavior of swimming pool staff regarding disinfection, and Escherichia coli bacteria. Results showed unqualified free chlorine levels (0 mg/l) and high E. coli counts (6–75 CFU/100 ml). Sanitation practices were rated as unhealthy (72.2%), and staff performance in disinfection was very poor. These findings indicate a need for immediate improvements in pool sanitation to protect public health.

Occupational Health Risk Management in Tablet Manufacturing: A Case Study of Non-Beta Lactam and Penicillin Production Units

Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: In the pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing industry, health risks involve high occupational health risks, especially in handling active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This research addresses the challenge that effective risk management is essential to safeguard worker health, particularly in the production of critical products such as Non-Beta Lactams (NBL) and Penicillin. Objective: evaluating and investigating occupational health risks in the NBL and Penicillin production units, identifying key risk factors and proposing strategies to reduce exposure. Methods: This study used an observational cross-sectional design was used, focusing on environmental conditions, particulate concentrations, and compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE). The framework based on the concept of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) assessed the level of risk across all stages of production, including weighing, mixing, granulation, and coating. Findings: Unit NBL indicated higher particulate levels (140 µg/m³) compared to unit Penicillin (100 µg/m³), especially during high exposure stages such as granulation, exceeding the WHO guideline (PM2.5 exposure is 25 µg/m³ for a 24-hour period) . The compliance with PPE was found to be lower in the NBL unit, which correlated with an increased incident rate. The risk assessment identified weighing and granulation as high-risk stages, requiring stricter controls. Conclusions: Reducing occupational health risks in the NBL and Penicillin units urgently requires improved engineering controls, PPE protocols and worker training. Model limitations highlight the need for enhanced risk assessment tools to improve safety outcomes.

Literature Review: Overview of Health Literacy in Society

Putri Ayuni Alayyannur, Rr. Sri Rejeki Eviyanti Puspita Sari, M. Malik Al Hakim — Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Health literacy is one of the determinants of health that can help develop public health. It is an important component in empowering individuals regarding their health. Someone with low health literacy has limited information about their health condition and does not understand how to maintain it. The aim of this review was to explore health literacy in society and the factors that influence it. A literature search was conducted in March 2021. Research sources were taken from several databases, namely ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and PubMed. The ScienceDirect database contained 69,360 articles, ProQuest 130,006, and PubMed 17,038. From all databases, only 45 articles met the inclusion criteria. The variables in this study were the domains of health literacy and the factors that influence it. This literature review showed that the domains "feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers" and "understanding health information well enough to know what to do" had the highest scores, while the domains "appraisal of health information" and "navigating the healthcare system" had the lowest scores. Factors that affected health literacy included age, gender, education, income, language, health status, and marital status. The highest scores for health literacy were in domains 1 and 9, while the lowest scores were in domains 5 and 7. Education was the most influential factor across all domains of health literacy.