2026-08-18T04:59:48Z https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/oai

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/1235 2026-08-02T09:50:39Z aspa:REV

Human Resource Management in the Public Sector: Challenges, Strategies, and Future Directions Mokoena, Thabo Diallo, Fatoumata Public sector HRM; digitalization; employee performance; diversity and inclusion; workforce development Human Resource Management (HRM) in the public sector is a critical determinant of government efficiency, service delivery quality, and institutional sustainability. This review examines the key dimensions of public sector HRM, including recruitment and talent acquisition, training and capacity building, performance management, leadership, and employee motivation. It further explores the impact of digitalization and innovation by highlighting the growing role of electronic HR systems, artificial intelligence, and data-driven decision-making in modernizing workforce management practices. In addition, the study discusses the expansion of remote work and flexible employment arrangements, particularly following recent global disruptions, and evaluates their implications for productivity and organizational effectiveness. Despite these advancements, public sector HRM continues to face persistent challenges, including bureaucratic rigidity, limited resources, skills gaps, and issues related to employee well-being and inclusion. Diversity, equity, and inclusion remain central to building representative and equitable public institutions. The review emphasizes that sustainable HRM reform requires balancing technological innovation with human-centered governance approaches. Unlike previous reviews that focused on a single country or a specific HRM function, this article employs a structured search strategy, critically compares competing HRM governance models including the classical Weberian bureaucratic model, New Public Management (NPM), and post-NPM collaborative governance, rather than merely summarizing them, and synthesizes cross-national evidence from both developed countries, including the United Kingdom, Singapore, South Korea, and Estonia, and developing countries, including South Africa, Rwanda, Indonesia, India, and Senegal. Furthermore, the review proposes an integrative conceptual framework linking recruitment, leadership, digitalization, and performance management with organizational outcomes and outlines a targeted future research agenda focusing on artificial intelligence, digital HRM governance, and sustainability. The findings suggest that future public sector HRM systems must become more adaptive, inclusive, and digitally enabled to respond effectively to evolving societal needs and global governance challenges while maintaining accountability, transparency, and ethical standards in public service delivery. Tecno Scientifica 2026-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1235 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2026; 1−21 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1235/618 Copyright (c) 2026 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/1238 2026-08-02T09:50:39Z aspa:REV

Citizen Participation in Collaborative Governance: Concepts, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions Setiawan, Agus Prasetyo, Eko Islam, Muhammad Saiful Citizen participation; collaborative governance; public engagement; participatory governance; co-production Citizen participation has emerged as a cornerstone of modern governance, reflecting a transition from hierarchical government-centered approaches toward more inclusive and collaborative decision-making processes. This review examines the theoretical foundations, mechanisms, outcomes, challenges, and future directions of citizen participation within collaborative governance frameworks. The review explores key theoretical perspectives, including Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation, Network Governance Theory, the Collaborative Governance Framework, and Co-production Theory, which collectively explain how stakeholders engage in governance processes. Various participation mechanisms, such as public consultations, participatory budgeting, citizen assemblies, digital participation platforms, and community-based governance, are discussed in relation to their contributions to policy effectiveness, public trust, service delivery, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. The review also highlights persistent barriers, including power asymmetries, tokenism, resource limitations, digital divides, and stakeholder conflicts. Emerging trends such as digital participation, artificial intelligence-supported engagement, open government initiatives, citizen science, and data-driven governance are examined as transformative developments shaping future governance practices. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive, transparent, and adaptive governance systems that promote meaningful citizen engagement and sustainable public outcomes. Tecno Scientifica 2026-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1238 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2026; 22−38 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1238/619 Copyright (c) 2026 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/1246 2026-08-02T09:50:39Z aspa:ART

New Public Management, Digital Governance, and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Public Sector Reforms in India Venkataraman, Priya Chauhan, Arjun Singh Ramachandran, Deepika new public management; digital governance; organizational performance; public trust; India; civil service reform; Digital India Public sector reform in India has undergone significant transformation through twin imperatives: the adoption of New Public Management (NPM) principles under successive administrative reform commissions, and the accelerating digitalization of governance driven by flagship programmes such as Digital India and the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). While a growing body of structural equation modelling (SEM) research has examined NPM reforms and digital governance (DG) as separate lines of inquiry, typically within OECD or single-city settings, and rarely with full measurement validation, empirical evidence integrating NPM adoption, DG, organizational performance (OP), and public trust and accountability (PTA) within one validated, mediation-tested SEM model remains scarce in the Indian context. This study addresses that gap through a cross-sectional survey of 360 Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers and senior Group A civil servants across four purposively selected central government ministries in New Delhi. Convergent and discriminant validity were established (average variance extracted ≥ .56; heterotrait–monotrait ratios < .72) prior to structural testing. The hypothesized model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²/df = 2.14, CFI = .951, TLI = .943, RMSEA = .056, SRMR = .048). Hierarchical multiple regression and SEM indicate that NPM adoption (β = .381, p < .001) and digital governance (β = .328, p < .001) are significant independent predictors of organizational performance (R² = .524). Organizational performance partially mediates the pathway from reform inputs to public trust and accountability (indirect β = .108 and .093 for NPM and DG respectively, both bootstrap 95% CI excluding zero). Digital governance exerts a larger direct effect on PTA (β = .305) than NPM adoption alone (β = .237), suggesting that India's digital infrastructure investments generate accountability dividends beyond what administrative restructuring alone can produce. These findings, interpreted cautiously in light of the study's cross-sectional design, self-reported measures, and four-ministry sampling frame, offer theoretically grounded and policy-relevant insights for reformers navigating the institutional landscape of one of the world's largest public bureaucracies. Tecno Scientifica 2026-08-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1246 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2026; 39−56 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1246/622 Copyright (c) 2026 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/1250 2026-08-02T09:50:39Z aspa:ART

Governance Deficits and Reform Trajectories in Bangladesh: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Public Administration Effectiveness Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul Akhter, Sharmin Chowdhury, Tanvir Ahmed public administration; governance; Bangladesh; e-governance; civil service reform; decentralisation; anti-corruption Bangladesh has undergone substantial administrative restructuring since its independence in 1971, yet systemic governance deficits persist across its bureaucratic apparatus. Most existing evaluations, however, are either macro-institutional overviews or narrow, single-sector assessments, and rarely combine citizen-level survey evidence, elite qualitative testimony, and formal statistical modelling of satisfaction predictors within one design. This study investigates the effectiveness of public administration in Bangladesh through an explanatory sequential mixed-methods framework, combining a structured questionnaire survey of 1,200 citizens across all eight administrative divisions with 480 key informant interviews drawn from civil servants, policy experts, and civil society representatives. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression, with full coefficient, odds-ratio, and goodness-of-fit reporting, while qualitative findings were processed through thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative results via a joint display. Results indicate that e-governance adoption has improved service delivery indices particularly in urban areas, but rural-urban disparities remain pronounced (rural odds of satisfaction 56% lower than urban, OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.35, 0.56]). Anti-corruption initiatives show partial gains, with the Control of Corruption indicator improving from −0.99 in 2019 to −0.92 in 2022 on the World Governance Indicators scale, despite comparatively high implementation ratings for several reforms, a decoupling this study examines critically. Citizen satisfaction with public service quality remains low (49.2% dissatisfied overall), driven primarily by bureaucratic delays, bribery, and inadequate decentralisation. Five primary governance challenges are identified, alongside stakeholder-endorsed reform strategies centred on RTI strengthening, digital infrastructure expansion, and civil service ethics reform, which are translated into a prioritised implementation agenda naming responsible institutions and anticipated barriers. The findings contribute to the comparative public administration literature on South Asian and lower-middle-income developing states and offer evidence-based policy recommendations for the Government of Bangladesh. Tecno Scientifica 2026-08-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1250 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2026; 57–76 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1250/623 Copyright (c) 2026 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis

oai:oai.tecnoscientifica.com:article/1254 2026-08-02T09:50:39Z aspa:REV

Policy Formulation, Implementation, and Assessment: A Critical and Integrative Review Adebayo, Tunde Nwosu, Chukwuemeka Public policy; policy formulation; policy implementation; policy assessment; evidence-based policymaking; governance Public policy is a foundational mechanism through which governments address societal challenges, allocate resources, and pursue collective goals. This review critically synthesizes contemporary theoretical and empirical literature (2018–2025) on three interconnected stages of the policy process: formulation, implementation, and assessment. Unlike prior reviews that treat these stages separately or draw predominantly on health and environmental policy, this review integrates all three stages within a single conceptual framework linking contextual factors, actor behavior, and feedback mechanisms to policy outcomes, and it extends the evidentiary base to education, social welfare, and digital governance. We compare major theoretical frameworks, including the multiple streams model, advocacy coalition framework, punctuated equilibrium theory, street-level bureaucracy theory, and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, not merely by describing them but by critically appraising their respective strengths, limitations, and contextual applicability. Policy formulation involves agenda setting, problem definition, and the structured design of interventions, increasingly shaped by stakeholder participation and evidence integration. Implementation translates policy intent into action through top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid governance mechanisms, with organizational capacity, bureaucratic discretion, and intergovernmental coordination playing decisive roles across sectors. Assessment encompasses process, outcome, impact, and economic evaluation methods that determine whether policies achieve intended effects, generate unintended consequences, or require redesign. We give particular attention to equity, moving beyond a general call for inclusion to describe practical indicators and tools including equity-focused impact assessments and disaggregated outcome monitoring, that can be embedded at each stage of the cycle. Tables and figures synthesize comparative data on evaluation frameworks, implementation determinants, and outcome metrics, alongside a new integrative conceptual model linking formulation, implementation, assessment, feedback loops, and contextual moderators. This review concludes by identifying specific priorities for future research, including artificial intelligence and real-time policy analytics, adaptive governance architectures, and policy evaluation capacity in low- and middle-income countries. Tecno Scientifica 2026-08-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1254 Administrative Science and Policy Analysis; Volume 1 - Issue 1 - 2026; 77–95 eng https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/aspa/article/view/1254/624 Copyright (c) 2026 Tunde Adebayo, Chukwuemeka Nwosu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0